. (188)
(cobweb model)
, ,
( )
.
(, ),
,
,
:
Q= s(Pw),
Qst t,
,
t. (94)
(the
First theorem of welfare economics) , ,
,
-. (368)
(cross elasticity)
.
(101, 140, 142)
ED = dQx/Qx = dQx x _ P^
dP / P dP Q
/ - (variable costs, VC) ,
.
(197)
(variable factors
Of production) ,
. (197)
,
. (429)
,
. (254)
(positive economics)
,
(46)
(political rent seeking)
. (463)
(utility of good)
(120)
- ( )
(political business cycle)
(463)
(political economy)
,
, ,
. -
545
: ,
|
|
( );
: ;
'
, ,
,
, '
, :
. (4)
(positive externality)
, ,
.
,
. .
(425)
. (17)
(constant
Economy of scale) ,