. . . . . . . .
. . , , , , , , , .
F(xy)=0. , () - , F(xy)=0, - , .. - n. .
, , 2-
a11x2 + a12xy + a22y2 + 2a13x + 2a23y + a11 = 0. (*)
(*) , , . . . (*) 9 , . ,
:
,
,
y2 = 2px ,
;
:
,
,
x2 - 2 = 0 ,
x2 + 2 = 0 ,
x2 = 0 .
( . : α, συν, πίπτω) - . , , , , ; , . . , ., , , ., .
, . , , . . , y = f(x) ; , , , , ӗ = dy/dx( ) Y = (dy/dx) + x(dy/dx). ., : 1) x y = ∞, 2) = ∞, = 3) = +∞, = , , . , , (x2/a2) (y2/b2) = 1 Y = (b/a)∙[x/√(x2 a2)]∙X [ab/√(x2 a2)]. = ∞, (b/a) [x//√(x2 a2)] = (b/a)∙[1/√(1 a2/ x2)] = (b/a), [ab//√(x2 a2)] = 0; , . = (b/a) , , Y = +(b/a)X Y = -(b/a)X; , . . . . = + ., . , x, -, = + ε, ε , 1/x. , x = ∞, . (Y/X) = .
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. ( ) = . ( ε) = . , Y/X = q y = xq , q . , = ν, = + ν. , , ., . , , qx a2/x2 q2x2/b2 = 1 q2 = b2/a2 b2/x2; = ∞, q2 = b2/a2, q = (b/a)A. y = Ax + ν = +(b/a)x + ν, x2/a2 [(x(b/a) + ν)2/b2] = 1, ν = (b/a)∙[√(x2 a2) x], , x = ∞, ν = 0 = B; , . , , Y = +(b/a)X, . .; , , , .: , , , .
, . . , - ( , ), ( , ). .
(1)
, k,
.
, (2)
, k,
.
.
,
, k,
.
, , , . .
k k - (1),
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(3)
k k - (2),
(4).
(3) (4) .
, , .
3) .
. , .
1. , ( ).
1. d, mo (jco, yo) , + + = 0.
. ( , Ax + By + C = 0, (1) . (, ) .) (-, ) , d. , d ( , ) mq (x0, 0), , = 0, (-0)+(-y0) = 0 (1)
2. , :
1 + 1y + C1 = 0
2 + 2y + C2 = 0 (2)
. (2) .
, ≠ 0, (2) :
(3)
(0, 0) .
3. , 1 (1, 1) , (2).
. . (3) x0, 0 (2), , M1 0.
. , , (2),
λ(A1x + B1y + C1)+μ (A2x + B2y + C2) = 0, (4) λ μ , . , (4), ( , Ax + By + C = 0, (1) . (, ) .), ( , ), λ, μ, , 0 (2).
λ μ , (4) 1 (1, 1). λ μ : λ(A1x + B1y + C1)+μ (A2x + B2y + C2) = 0.
. d, M1 (-2, 6) , : 3y + 1 = 0 2x + 4y = 0.
. . (4) : λ(x - 3y + 1)+μ (2x + 4y) = 0. d M1 ( 2, 6), λ(-2 18 + 1) + μ (-4 + 24) = 0, -19x + 20y = 0. , , λ = 20, μ = 19. , : 20 ( 3y + 1) + 19 (2x + 4y) = 0, 29x + 84y + 10 = 0.
2. .
4. d, 0 (x0, 0) (, ).
. (, ) d , . (x x0, 0), : ( - x0) + ( - 0) = 0.
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, M0(x0, 0) (, ).
5. d, M0 (x0, 0) l, Ax + By + C = 0.
. (, ) l, d. , d M0 (x0, 0) (, ), . . (- 0) - ( 0) = 0.
6. . d, , 0 (0, 0) d φ.
. , d tg φ. d : y0 = tgφ (x x0).