: - ; , ; .
(), . - ().
, .. . , , .
(.5.1,). , , , , , U 2 .
180 (.5.1, ). , VS1 , ( , .5.1,). VS2 .
, VS2 . VS1 (.5.1,).
, .
(.5.1,), . .
. , w t 1, w t 2,... (.5.2). a¢, a¢¢ ..
|
|
0 180. a =0. , a =180, , .
0< a <180 (.5.2) w t = a , . wt =(p- a) . a , , (.5.2). , 0.....180 U ( a =0) ( a =180).
( )
U = U (1+ cosa)/2
U = f (a) .
- (.5.3,), , , . , L ¥, , - .
, , (.5.3). a <90, a =90 ( .5.3,). .
, U = U cosa. .
U =(I ) (a =const) , a.
.
. , . ( ), . () . - .
, ( ), :
|
|
() ( );
, ( ).
, 120 .
.
, , , . , .
, - (.5.4,).
( 5.3 5.4).
a <90 - (.5.3,), (U >0).
a =90 , . (.5.3,).
, a >90, , (.5.3,).
a >90 , .5.4, ,
U = U cosa = U cos (p - b)=- U cosb.
b, , . wt = kp (.5.4,), k =1,2....
a 180 . , b =0 a =0 . b min10...15, , .
U =(I ) (b =const) .
. , :
1. U =(a) a 0 180. , U 2=127 .
2. a, 5.1, U =(I ), =60 .
5.1
a,. |
3. u 2(wt), u (wt) i (wt) a, 5.1.
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1. 220 . ܔ.
2. , , a =0...180. - .
3. U =(a) ( ) - (R max). .5.2. U =(a).
5.2
, a | 0 | 30 | 60 | 90 | 120 | 150 | . | |
U | ||||||||
- |
4. , , . a =0 a =60 .
5. R , U =(I ) - a =30, 60 a, .5.1. .5.3 .
5.3
a =30 | U () | |||||||
I () | ||||||||
a =60 | U () | |||||||
I () | ||||||||
a = | U () | |||||||
I () | ||||||||
- | a =30 | U () | ||||||
I () | ||||||||
a =60 | U () | |||||||
I () | ||||||||
a = | U () | |||||||
I () |
6. . , 120 Д.
: . .
7. R U =(I ) , a =120, a =150 ( b =60 b =30). .5.4.
5.4
b =30 (a =150) | I () | |||||
U () | ||||||
b =60 (a =120) | I () | |||||
U () |
ܔ. , , .
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. 2. . 3. . 4. - ( ). 5. ( ). 6. - a =0 a =60.
1. .
2. . 3. . 4. ? 5. ? 6. . 7. ?
6
: , .
, .
, -
K U= ; K I= R = const,
U , U , I - ;
DU, DU, D I - .
R U (I ) I (R ) ()
R = U = const.
R << R , - R >> R .
: .
(), . , .
R . .6.1. (1), (2) (3).
U 0 U . U U 0 , . , U
U = U -DU=const.
, . .
, .6.2. VD, R2. VT2 . U I 2 I 2. I 2 I 1, U = U - U 1 .
K cm U= h 21/(h 11+ R 1); R = .
. , 1421 3-12 150 . .
.6.3. VT , VD. R VT, , I = aI .
|
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I U = U 0- R 2 I
I =(U 0- U )/ R 2= const
a 1, , , I = I I , R , U 0 R 2. , VT , .. U > DU + I R , DU - .
,
R max= .
K = I /(U h 22).
R = .
(.6.2) K R , R 1=6,8 ; R 3=1,2 ; R 4=6,8 ; VT2: h 11=1,2 ; h 21=180. U =22 ; U =12 .
U 12 .1 R , DU .6.1 I .
R (.6.3), R 2=180 , r =35 . VT : h 11=50 ; h 22=1 ; h 21=30.
R max U I , .6.1. DU =1 . .3 .4, DI / I 0 R max (I . - R =0).
6.1
I , | ||||||||
U , | ||||||||
I , |
U , 4. U V1.
- , 1-4.
R I U .
( ). U (U ), U 0 U 1. K cm. .1 .
U . , U (I ). R . .2 .
. .
. U 1 . R , I (U ). R I (R ). R max R . .
R ( U ). U 0 , I (U ). I (U ) K cm. .
; , , ; ; ; K cm, R ; .
1. ? 2. ? 3. ? 4. ? 5. U ? 6. . 7. ? 8. R R max? 9. ?
7
: .
n-p-n (.7.1). , R R , , U m R , E .
, . :
I ³ I m= U m / R
U = E /2, .
I =
I , U . - , . - I =0, U = E . .7.2 ( ).
, R R:
R = ;
R = ; I = I / h 21
i = I m sinwt . - E /2.
R R . . ,
;
( - Di =0). , Di DU . .7.2 (c-d). , U , R ( R =0 90). U R E /2. . U m , , U , , . I .
:
= ;
;
=i.
:
h 11=0,5 ; h 21=25; h 22=0,3 ; h 12=0.
- U 0,6 . U . E =12 .
1. R , .7.1. . I , U . R , U m , . U .
2. U m , .1 U .
3. . 7.1 R ,, , i. U m , .
4. U m , .
5. R , . .
7.1
u | ||||||||
R , | 0,5 | 1,0 | 1,5 | 2,02 | 2,5 | 3,0 | 3,5 | 4,0 |
LAB7.EXE. R , R, R U m , . , , . , .
R , R , R U m , . ,. .
1. R , R R =1000 . u, . U .
2. 2 R . u . u.
3. R , R . u, i, . . U . .
4. .4 U m . .
5. U m , . .
6. R U , U m R , 0,6 2,0 . . .
: ; ; , ; .
1. , . 2. ? 3. R? 4. ? 5. , U m> E /2? 6. R ? 7. U E /2?
8