.
λ 1* A 1+ λ 2* A 2+...+ λn * An A 1, A 2,..., An λ 1, λ 2,..., λn.
A 1, A 2,..., An , λ 1, λ 2,..., λn, λ 1* A 1+ λ 2* A 2+...+ λn * An , : A 1 x 1+ A 2 x 2+...+ Anxn = Θ .
λ 1, λ 2,..., λn , λ 1, λ 2,..., λn .
.
A 1, A 2,..., An B 1, B 2,..., Br ( B 1, B 2,..., Br A 1, A 2,..., An), :
1. B 1, B 2,..., Br ;
2. Aj A 1, A 2,..., An B 1, B 2,..., Br
r - .
29.1 .
m - m E 1 E 2,..., Em, .
.
X e 1, e 2, e 3 - ,
X : X = α 1 e 1 + α 2 e 2 + α 3 e 3; e 1 = (x 1, y 1, z 1), e 2 = (x 2, y 2, z 2),
e3 = (x3, y3, z3),
x = (x, y, z)
.
(.. ). * (). , ().
.
, , , , (.)
(x, y) = (y, x),
(α x, y) = α(x, y),
(x + y, z) =(x, z) + (y, z),
(x, x)> 0 x ≠ 0, (0, 0) = 0,
L (x, y).
, .
.
, n n - , . .
e 1, e 2,..., en n - x = x 1 e 1 + x 2 e 2 +... + xnen x , xi x xi =(x, ei), i = 1, 2,..., n. e1, e2, , en n En , (ei, ej) = 0 " i ≠ j, .. .
|
|
.
.
L , () :
1. x y L x + y L, x y, :
x + y = y + x − ;
x + (y + z) = (x + y) + z − ;
x + 0 = x − 0 (x + 0 = x x L);
x + (− x) = 0 − x L − x (x + (− x) = 0 x L).
2. x α, α − , x L, αx, α x, :
α(βx) = (αβ)x − :;
1 x = x − x L.
3. :
α(x + y) = αx + αy − ;
(α + β)x = αx + βx − .
.
.
, . ,
:
12. .
L n- . L , l, :A .
l ( ) , .