, , ..
(U, V=const) . .
(G).
G=H-TS
H
T
S
, :
, . .
∆G ≤0 (, =const)
∆G<0 ;
∆G>0
∆G=0 .
, . , , ∆ ( ) ( ).
:
,
, .
, .
, , , , .
3:
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
4. ?
5. , , .
6. ? ?
7. ?
8. .
9. , , .
10. ? ?
11. .
12. . ?
13. .
14. .
15. . ; .
16. .
17. , , ?
|
|
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18. , , .
3:
1) :
) ;
) ;
) ;
2) -
) ;
) ;
) ;
3) :
) ;
) , ;
) .
4) , :
) ;
) ;
) .
5) :
) ;
) ;
) ;
: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
4:
1)
4 l() + 2() = 2 2() + 2 l2()
298 Δ0. l() = -92,30 /,
Δ0. 2() = -241,84 /.
2)
3 22 () = 66 () 298
Δ0. 22 () = -1299,63 /,
Δ0. 66 () = -3267,70 /.
3) 298 (ΔS0298)
4 l() +2 () = 2 2()+ 2l2(),
S0298 (H2O()) = 188,8 /();
S0298 (l2 ()) = 233,0 /();
S0298 (HCl()) = 186,7 /();
S0298 (O2 ()) = 205,3 /().
- 
4) ΔG0298, ΔG0f, 298 Δ0298 ΔS0298.
:
, .
: , ; , , , , .
.
.
.
1) 38()= 2 2 () + 34 () 298
Δ0. 34() = 192,10 /,
Δ0. 38() = -103,90 /.
2) ΔS0298 N2 + 3H2 = 2NH3,
S0298 (N2) = 191,5 / ;
S0298 (H2) = 130,6 / ;
S0298 (NH3) = 192,5 / .
3)
4 () + 2() = 3 2 () + () 298
Δ0. 4 () = -74,85 /;
Δ0. 2() = -241,84 /;
Δ0. () = -110,50 /.
4)
22 () + () + 2() = 2=͖ () 298
Δ0. 22 () = -1299,63 /;
|
|
|
Δ0. () = -282,96 /;
Δ0. 2=͖ () = -1370,18 /.
5)
4 () + 2 () = 2 2 () + 2 () 298
Δ0. 4 () = -74,85 /;
Δ0. 2 () = -393,51 /;
Δ0. () = -110,50 /.
6)
l5 () = PCl3 () + l() 298
Δ0. PCl5 () = -369,45 /;
Δ0. PCl3 () = -277,0 /.
