.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





5.1.1.

, , . , . Internet , , Internet Protocol (IP) , Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), , IP- , , , , . , , TCP/IP.

, , , . , , . - (network access points, NAPs), . , , , . APRA NET, 1969 . , , . . , , , , .

, , .

, (International Standards Organization, ISO) , . OSI Reference Model.

TCP/IP , , . TCP/IP OSI, . TCP/IP , , Ethernet , (FDDI). (Point-to-point protocol) , TCP/IP- , () . TCP/IP, Internet Protocol (IP). IP . ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) , IP-.

, IP TCP (transmission control protocol) UDP (user datagram protocol). TCP , , UDP .

FTP (File Transfer Protocol), , HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) World Wide Web, HSNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) . DNS (Domain Naming Service), IP- , . , . : SMTP (Simple Mail Transport Protocol, POP (Post Office Protocol). IMAP (Internet Mail Access Protocol) MIME (Multimedia Internet Mail Extensions).

FTP . - - ( ).

Web, (Hypertext Markup Language, HTML), (Hypertext Transfer Protocol, HTTP). , , HTML , , . HTTP, , , (, HTML) .

Web , (e-mail), Web. , . SMTP (Simple Mail Transport Protocol) POP (Post Office Protocol). SMTP , a POP IMAP (Internet Mail Access Protocol) .

POP IMAP .

MIME . MIME- , , - , . , MIME, , EDI (Electronic Data Interchange).

TCP/IP , . TCP/IP , . (intranets), , TCP/ IP .

Web TCP/IP , . , , TCP/IP, , (extranets). , , . , . , , . VAN- (value added networks) , EDI . . , , .

- . , , EDI-, . (virtual private network, VPN) . , .

. Web , , , , .

 

5.1.2.

5.1.2.1. . , (Internet Service Provider ISP). , , . , , , .

, , , . , .

, , .

.

( ) . . , , 20 30 . , ( 3 5 ). (, 5 10 ., 3 .). , 3 5 , .

, . , . - .

5.1.2.2. - . , , -. - , . - (, ) IP, . -. , - . - IP- , IP, . : 192.168.1.10.

-, . , , , . . , . : , , , . , .

. - ; com ( ), edu (), mil (), org (, ), net (, ) . ; us (), uk (), fr (), de (), ru () .

, , , , . .

, , , , . , comp45, , , buh (), , , department, ru (), : comp45.buh. department.ru.

TCP/IP , IP-, DNS (Domain Name System, ). DNS , , IP-, .

DNS , , DNS ( DNS) , . IP . , -. , , ( ):

http://comp45.buh.department.ru Web-;

Ftp:// comp45.buh.department.ru FTP-.

IP, , ( ):

http://comp45.buh.department.ru: 8000

(, FTP .) , , . () @. ( ):

ftp: //user @comp45. buh.department.ru

account @server.ru

. , , .

@ .

5.1.2.3. WWW. Web- Web-. Web- -, WWW. , - Web-, Web-.

Web- , , , Windows. Web- . , HTML (HyperText Markup Language, ). , Web-, html . Web- HTTP, Web- ( , WWW) Web-. Web- Web-, Web- , , , : http://comp45.buh.department.ru/somepage.html Web- Web- somepage.html.

Web- Web-, . . Web- Web- .

, ( Web-, ), , .

, . , , Web- . , Web- ( ), . Web-, . .

Web- ( , Web- , , .. ). , .

Web- Web- http://comp45.buh.department.ru/somepage.html, Web- somepage.html , , Web-. Web- - , Web- . Web- , , , :

http://www.somesite.ru/somefolder1/somefolder2/somepage.html

Web- Web- somepage.html, somefolderl/somefolder2, .

, , :

http://www.somesite.ru/somevirtualfolderl/somepage.html

, : http://www.somesite.ru.

. Web-, ( ). Web- default.html index.html. Web- default.html, . Web- : http://www.somesite.ru/folder. Web- default.html, folder. -, Web-, Web-. - Web- () , : pg2.html. , Web- page2.html, , .

5.1.2.4. Web- Web- Web-. Web- , , . Web- - , Web-. , , , Windows.

Web- ( , .. ) Web- , . ( Microsoft Internet Explorer Opera), ( Netscape Navigator Mozilla). , , . Web- (offline mode), , . , , Web- . , Web- . - Web-, , , (, , ). , , .

Web-, . , , , . , .

Microsoft Internet Explorer , Windows. , , . 6.0 7.0, Windows Windows Vista.

Web- Firefox , , , Web-, , .

Firefox Mozilla , , Firefox.

2 WWW Netscape Navigator 4- . Navigator 9.0 , Web- .

Opera , Web-, Web-, , .

Safari Apple, Macintosh. Safari 2.0. , Web-, Opera.

. Web-, , Internet Explorer .

Web- . (, -) ( ).

5.1.2.5. Web- . -. . , Web-.

, , ( ), Web- Web-. , , , .

, , . - : , , ., Web- . , . : , , . . , , , .

 





:


: 2016-10-27; !; : 951 |


:

:

.
==> ...

1740 - | 1536 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.046 .