, , , , , .
(Active) | Tim Berners-Lee | developed | the World Wide Web (WWW). | |
(Passive) | The World Wide Web (WWW) | was developed | by Tim Berners-Lee. |
. , , .
, , by.
The experiment was carried out by the scientist. | . |
, by:
to build | to compose | damage |
to design | to destroy | to discover |
to invent | to make | to write |
, , , . , , (, someone, people, I, you .)
Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. | . |
, , , . . .
Somebody changed the password. The password was changed (by somebody). | - . . |
, .
with, , .
The cake was cut with a knife. | . |
, ( ), , .
They gave additional instructions to him. | He was given additional instructions ( ). Additional instructions were given to him ( ). |
, :
to allow | to mention | to refuse |
to ask | to offer | to report |
to award | to order | to sell |
to buy | to pass | to send |
to bring | to pay | to show |
to give | to present | to take |
to grant | to promise | to teach |
to hand | to read | to tell |
to lend | to receive | to write |
to make | to recommend |
(can, may, must, etc.) be + Past Participle have been + Past Participle.
|
|
The manager must sign the check. | . |
The check must be signed by the manager. | . |
make, hear, see, help to.
The teacher made him check the results. | He was made to check the results by the teacher. |
:
1. | ( ) + . |
The article was translated. | . |
The article will be translated. | . |
- .
The article is translated. | . |
2. | , -/ . |
The article is being translated. | . |
3. | - , . . . | |||
The article was translated. | . | |||
, :
I was invited to the conference. | 1. . 2. . |