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1. | Johns doing it at once is absolutely imperative. | , . |
2. | He insisted on my returning soon. | , . |
3. | There was no hope of our getting the tickets. | , . |
4. | On the scientists appearing in the hall, there was loud applause. | , . |
EXERCISES
Exercise 1. | State the form of the gerund. Translate the sentences into Russian. |
1. | I dont think the collection of essays is worth reprinting. |
2. | Getting several viewpoints is vital. |
3. | Can you recall having mentioned the fact to anyone? |
4. | After having been rejected by a dozen magazines, the article was published in The Globe. |
5. | Walking, riding, flying, dancing and so on are all familiar examples of motion. |
6. | We know of wood having been used as structural material in prehistoric times. |
7. | Apologizing for having stayed so long he asked Andrew to proceed with his investigation. |
Exercise 2. | Use the correct form of the gerund of the verb in brackets. Translate into Russian. |
1. | Why do you avoid ____ (see) me? |
2. | He tried to avoid ____ (see). |
3. | We insist on ____ (send) him there at once. |
4. | He insists on ____ (send) there instead of me. |
5. | Do you mind ____ (examine) the first? |
6. | The equipment must go through a number of tests before ____ (install). |
7. | I dont remember ____ (ask) this question. |
8. | We know of the work ____ (carry out) in this laboratory. |
9. | He liked to do things without ____ (disturb) anyone or ____ (disturb). |
10. | You never mentioned ____ (speak) to them on the subject. |
11. | This is the result of our ____ (not specify) input or output variables for the network. |
12. | In spite of ____ (meet) with failure they continued experimenting. |
Exercise 3. | Join two sentences to make one sentence using the gerund. Use the following expressions: it is (of) no use, it is useless, it is (no) good, it is (not) worth (while), there is no point in. |
Model: | Dont worry about it. Its no use. |
It s no use worrying about it. | |
There is no point in worrying about it. |
1. | Dont speak of the matter. Its useless. |
2. | Consider the purpose of the investigation. It may be useful. |
3. | Dont buy a second-hand car. Its a waste of money. |
4. | Dont try to escape. Its no use. |
5. | Dont learn rules without examples. Its useless. |
6. | Dont study if you are feeling tired. There is no point. |
7. | Think over the effects I have just described. Its useful. |
8. | Dont even try to persuade him. Its a waste of time. |
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Exercise 4. | Complete the sentences using by + the gerund. Use one of the following: |
burst into tears | strike the half-hour | use a search engine |
drive too fast | tell the truth | use blue laser light |
slide down a rope | use a powerful crane | work regularly |
1. | You can put peoples lives in danger ____ |
2. | You can improve you English ____ |
3. | They escaped ____ |
4. | You will achieve a lot ____ |
5. | She frightened her friends ____ |
6. | The hall clock greeted us ____ |
7. | We were able to discharge the boat in 24 hours ____ |
8. | DVD drives read DVD disks ____ |
9. | You can find information on the Internet ____ |
Exercise 5. | Write the correct preposition and write the correct form of the gerund. |
1. | He always depends ____ (get) help from other students. |
2. | Why did they insist ____ (do) everything themselves? |
3. | Did Mr. Johnson finally succeed ____ (solve) that problem? |
4. | You shouldnt rely ____ (get) assistance from other people. |
5. | Our teacher doesnt approve ____ (study) late at night. |
6. | Hes really quite capable ____ (complete) the work by himself. |
7. | She was proud ____ (finish) the work in such a short time. |
8. | Mr. Foster constantly worries ____ (lose) his position. |
9. | The bad weather prevented them ____ (leave) last Friday. |
10. | Im not particularly fond ____ (attend) lectures. |
11. | You can access many free and legal music files ____ (download) ____ (visit) www.mp3.com. |
Exercise 6. | Here are some common set expressions with the gerund. Match them with the explanations. |
1. | Its no use crying over spilt milk (proverb). | a. | No one knows/No one can tell. |
2. | Theres no knowing/telling (what hell do). | b. | I dont need to tell you. |
3. | It goes without saying... | c. | People often have strange likes and dislikes. |
4. | Theres no accounting for taste. | d. | Theres no point in making fuss about something we cant put right. |
Exercise 7. | Match A and B. Translate the sentences. |
A | |||
1. | We very much appreciate | a) | my leaving till the next day. |
2. | He strongly denied | b) | their meeting that afternoon. |
3. | We enjoyed | c) | her taking more responsibility. |
4. | The chairman suggested | d) | the bands playing very much. |
5. | I agreed to delay | e) | our postponing the question till later. |
6. | He should consider | f) | your helping us. |
7. | I cant excuse | g) | your meeting Miss Brown! |
8. | You must pardon | h) | our escaping. |
9. | Would you mind | i) | Jim arriving so late. |
10. | I cant bear | j) | you/your bringing me breakfast in bed. |
11. | They cant prevent | k) | Jane practicing in the room next to yours? |
12. | Please forgive | l) | him/his whistling when Im trying to concentrate. |
13. | I really miss | m) | her not answering our invitation. |
14. | Fancy | n) | my not getting up. |
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Exercise8. | Below is a list of verbs which can take either the to-infinitive or the gerund with little change of meaning. Read them and translate into Russian. |
advise | bother | dislike | intend | need | prefer | require |
allow | cant bear | encourage | like | neglect | propose | start |
begin | continue | hate | love | permit | recommend | want |
Exercise 9. | Explain the use of the infinitive and the gerund in the following sentences. |
1. | What do you intend to do? We intended going to Rome. |
2. | John agreed to do it in order to please his mother. We agreed on making an early start. |
3. | That man is always bothering me to lend him money. Dont bother about getting dinner for me today. |
4. | Ann prefers drinking tee to coffee. Would you prefer to have dinner now or later? |
5. | She cant bear being laughed at. He cant bear to see the suffering that lies in her face. |
6. | He neglected to write and say Thank you. Dont neglect writing to your mother. |
7. | I hate listening to loud music when Im reading. I hate to tell you this. |
8. | I would love to have a party, but my parents wont let me. She loves sunbathing. |
9. | He prefers watching football to playing it. He would prefer to watch basketball. |
10. | She cant bear to be alone. She cant bear just sitting around doing nothing. |
Exercise 10. | Use the infinitive or the gerund in the following sentences. |
1. | Id advise ____ buying / to buy your tickets well in advance if you want ____ travelling / to travel in August. |
2. | Students are required ____ taking / to take three papers in English literature. |
3. | These books are required ____ reading / to read for the examination. |
4. | His parents wont allow him ____ staying / to stay out late. |
5. | She wants me ____ going / to go with her. |
6. | He didnt need ____ reminding / to be reminded about it. |
7. | Does he need ____ knowing / to know? |
8. | He is not allowed ____ staying / to stay out late. |
9. | Banks actively encourage people ____ borrowing / to borrow money. |
10. | We do not allow ____ smoking / to smoke in the hall. |
Exercise 11. | Match up the beginnings and endings of the following sentences. Use the infinitive or the gerund. |
1. | Come on, you kids! Stop ____ | a) | (rain). |
2. | The car had to stop suddenly ____ | b) | (shout). Youre driving me crazy. |
It has stopped ____ | c) | (avoid) crashing into a cow standing in the road. |
4. | Youll remember____ | a) | (see) his face in a police identikit picture. |
5. | She remembered____ | b) | (fill) the car up with petrol, wont you? |
6. | Do you remember____ | c) | (switch) the lightsoff before we came out? |
7. | Try ____ | a) | (sleep) on your back as a cure for snoring? |
8. | Dont try ____ | b) | (knock) at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door. |
9. | Have you tried ____ | c) | (swim) across the river. Its dangerous. |
10. | Being a doctor means____ | a) | (call) her but Ive been so busy lately. |
11. | I didnt mean ____ | b) | (read) your letter. |
12. | Ive been meaning ____ | c) | (work) long hours and (have) a fragmented social life. |
13. | I regret ____ | a) | (tell) him he was pathetic, I got a bit angry, thats all. |
14. | I regret ____ | b) | (advise) you that the course is now full. |
15. | I regret ____ | c) | (tell) you that there is very little chance of recovery. |
16. | Having defeated the champion in the opening match, he went on ____ | a) | (get) a first-class degree. |
17. | I hope it wont go on____ | b) | (rain) all day. |
18. | After an unsuccessful first year at university, he went on ____ | c) | (win) tournament. |
19. | Dont forget ____ | a) | (take) the car to the garage on Monday the brakes need repairing again. |
20. | Ill never forget ____ | b) | (pay) me. |
21. | He has forgotten ____ | c) | (hear) his singing the part of Boris Godunov. |
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22. | She wants ____ | a) | (cut). |
23. | Her hair wants ____ | b) | (go) to Italy. |
24. | If you truly want ____ | c) | (help), just do as I say. |
25. | It needs ____ | a) | (be done carefully). | |||
26. | He needs ____ | b) | (rewrite). | |||
27. | This chapter needs ____ | c) | (be kept informed) about developments. | |||
Exercise 12. | Choose the correct item. | |||||
1. | They seem ____ what theyre doing. | ||
A. knowing | B. to know | C. know | |
2. | Tell the children to stop ____ their father. | ||
A. bothering | B. to bother | C. bother | |
3. | Experienced seamen will advise you about ____ in this weather. | ||
A. sailing | B. to sail | C. sail | |
4. | Their fears proved ____ groundless. | ||
A. being | B. to be | C. be | |
5. | I would rather ____ a nice pair of trousers to the dance last night. | ||
A. wear | B. wore | C. have worn | |
6. | ____ getting lost, they should take a map and compass. | ||
A. Avoiding | B. To avoid | C. Avoid | |
7. | I dont intend ____ long. | ||
A. staying | B. to have stayed | C. stay | |
8. | I hope ____ my English quickly by studying hard. | ||
A. improving | B. to improve | C. improve | |
9. | I prefer ____ vegetables to ____ meat. | ||
A. eating, eating | B. to eat, eat | C. to eat, eating | |
10. | Unlike baby animals, human children need many years to learn how ____ on their own as adults. | ||
A. living | B. to live | C. live |
Exercise 13. | Complete the sentences using the gerund or the infinitive of the verb in brackets. Remember the usage of the preposition toin every case. |
1. | Im accustomed to ____ (work) hard. |
2. | In addition to ____ (be) a tool of science, mathematics is also an art form. |
3. | We are looking forward to ____ (carry out) this investigation. |
4. | This allows fine technological operations to ____ (automate). |
5. | He cant get used to ____ (log on) with a password. |
6. | Our boss objects to ____ (use) any different method. |
7. | Are you accustomed to ____ (ask) questions you cannot answer? |
8. | They objected to ____ (use) greater voltage in this case. |
9. | A PC is powerful enough to ____ (support) high level language programming. |
10. | He objected to ____ (pay) expensive telephone calls for Internet access. |
11. | He said he wasnt used to ____ (speak) in public. |
12. | Hard work is the key to ____ (pass) examinations. |
13. | I want to ____ (upgrade) my computer. |
14. | He was the first to ____ (realize) the difficulty of the situation. |
Exercise 14. | Choose the gerund or the infinitive to complete the sentences. |
1. | My friend promised ____ (return) the book very soon. |
2. | Most people enjoy ____ (write) letters to their friends. |
3. | Have you ever considered (try) something different? |
4. | I would appreciate ____ (hear) from you as soon as possible. |
5. | Would you mind ____ (wait) for 15 or 20 minutes? |
6. | We dont dare ____ (suggest) that possibility to them. |
7. | I cant stand ____ (listen) to his complaints any longer. |
8. | Dont switch off without ____ (close down) your PC. |
9. | Please stop ____ (interrupt) me in the middle of a sentence. |
10. | Smith claims ____ (be) an expert on that particular subject. |
11. | You neednt learn how to ____ (program) in HTML before ____ (design) web pages. |
12. | Why do you always put off ____ (write) to your friends? |
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Exercise 15. | Supply the correct forms of the gerund or the infinitive. Give two forms where both are possible. |
1. | Do you remember ____ (use) a smartcard for the first time? |
2. | Remember ____ (post) the letters on your way home. |
3. | Id prefer ____ (pretend) I didnt hear what you just said. |
4. | I prefer ____ (borrow) books from the library to (buy) them. |
5. | Ann was afraid ____ (add) an extension board herself. |
6. | Im afraid of ____ (lose) sensitive information. |
7. | She began ____ (test) the sample. |
8. | We had to postpone ____ (upgrade) his PC. |
9. | He tried to ____ (hack into) the system without ____ (know) the password. |
(The Participle)
, , . , .
She was looking at the falling leaves. | . |
The engineer carrying out the experiment is a well-known scientist. | , , . |
, , .
He was lying on the sofa thinking. | , . |
, :
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Having spent all his money, he returned home. | , . |
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Having finished his work quickly, he left the room. | , . |
) :
Tenses | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
Present Participle (Participle I) | writing | being written |
Perfect Participle | having written | having been written |
Past Participle (Participle II) | written |
Present Participle (Active Passive) , , .
I went to sleep listening to music. | , . |
Perfect Participle (Active Passive) , , .
Having photocopied all the papers, the secretary put them back in the folder. | , . |
Past Participle , .
The landscape painted by my father was very beautiful. | , , . |