Diameter of millimeters | Name of fragments | |
256 or more | - | Boulder |
64 to 256 | - | Cobble |
4 to 64 | - | Pebble |
2 to 4 | - | Granule |
1/16 to 2 | - | Sand |
1/256 to 1/16 | - | Silt |
Smaller than 1/256 | - | Clay |
-, .
- - - (10-20%) - 20-40%. o , , , .
, , .
- () , 50% 0,01 (0,005) . , . , . , , , . , (, , ) . , .. . , , , .
- - , . -, , , , .
0,2-0,3 - , , , , . , o - - . .
, , : ( ) , , , , , , , ; , .
2.3.2.2. , ( ), . ( ) , , (. 4).
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, (. 79).
, - , , , , (.79). . - () , ( ) . - , .
, . , , .
- ( 0,001-0,01 ) .
, - , - ; .
( 0,6-1), .
.
.
;
- , ;
, , .
.
, ; . .
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( )
- , , . : (50% ) (70% ) (82% , .80) (95% ). : , , ( ) .
- , , - , , , .
- - ( ) . , (. 81).
2.3.2.3. . . , , - .
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- , , , - , , , . 4.
, .
. . .
- . -, - - , , . (CaCO3). , . CaCO3 , . , , () .
- . ( HCl, , ) , - ( ) .
- - , (50-75%) (25-50%). HCl./ HCl , .
( ) Na, K, Ca Mg , , . ( NaCl ), (CaSO4´2H2O) (CaSO4). , , - , , : , .
. | (Chemical) | (Biochemical) |
1. : CaCO3; CaMg(CO3) CaCO3 + 30% | (Limenstone) (Dolomite) (Marlstone) | |
2. NaCl; CaSO4 ´2H2O;CaSO4 | (Halite); (Gypsum); (Anhydrite) | |
3. Fe2O3 ´ nH2O | (Brow Ironstone); Fe-Mn (Fe-Mn concretion); | |
4. Al2O3 ´ nH2O | (Kaolinite clay;) (Bauxite) (Laterite) | |
5. (SiO2); (SiO2 ´ nH2O) | (Flint); (Graychert;) (jasper) | (Tripolite) (Opoka) (Diatomite) |
6. | (Phosphorites) | |
7. () | (Peat) (Brow coal) (Bituminous coal) (Petroliferous shale) |
5
, .
- ( ) 1-2 2-3 , (Fe2O3 ´ nH2O). (, ) . , .
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- - (FeCO3). , . -, - ; . , , .
- Fe-Mn - , . Fe Mn ( 5).
. .
- () , (Al4[Si4O10](OH)8), (.82). . , .
, , , , .
- ( .-) - (.82)..
, , c , (SiO2) Na, K, Ca, Mg (> 90% ), a c - Al, Fe, Ti . , Fe2O3 Al2O3 SiO2; (.83); . B , , , , , .
- (Al2O3· H2O Al2O · 3H2O) c . - . - ( ) (. 83).
- () - , 95 98% ( ) , , (6,5-7). (.84): - , - , , , . , ( ). .
()- , (SiO2 · nH2O) (.85).
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.
50% (), , , . , (.86). ; , ( ) - .
, - - , P2O5 , .
.
3.3.