(). - .
C=dQ/dT- [C]=/ (34)
, , :
- []=/.
- (=101375 =273) []=/3
- - [μ]=/,
- μ- , /.
:
: = ρ []= = (35)
: μ .
.
1- :
; (36)
, . , .
. 2 :
- V = const
- = const
.
υ=const:
: , .. , .
.. ,
cυ=dU/dT→dU=cυdT. (37)
(38)
=const
1- dl=pdυ=RdT
(39)
:
; (40)
- (40)
R=-υ(41)
μ= μυ+μR μ= μυ+ = 8314 (42)
.
.
, ( ). .
, , : = (43)
q = (44)
=const,
q =c(T2 T1) (45)
t1 t2.
t1 t2 q1-2, , t1- t2:
|
|
(46)|
.
(47)
1,2 .. , /;
x1,x2 .. ; ∑xi=1.
V .
(48)
.
, h=U+pυ (47) . dh=d(U+pυ)
.. pυ = RT, dh=d(U+ RT)
dh=dU+ RdT=
dh= cυdT+RdT=(cυ+R)dT= cdT (49)
00C, :
0→t
: t1→t2 h2-h1=cp(t2-t1) (50)
. dq=dU+dl; dS=dq/T - ,
- ().
1- :
dq=cυdT+ pdυ;
dS=dq/T=cυdT/T+ pdυ/T. (51)
- (51) , .. pdυ - .
: pυ=RT p=RT/υ,
- (51) :
dS = cυdT/T + RTdυ/Tυ = cυdT/T + Rdυ/υ; (52)
(53)
ΔS =cυln(T2/T1) + Rln(υ2/υ1), p=const; (54)
.
pdυ + υdp =RdT
pυ, :
(55)
- (53) ( 55) :
ΔS = cpln(T2/T1) + Rln(p1/p2), υ=const; (56)
ΔS = cυln(p2/p1) + cpln(υ2/υ1), T=const. (57)