.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





.

. , - . , . , () (). - . . , ; .

, . . 2.1.

, R 1 R 2 (R 1 R 2 ), f f .

, U x= = E (R 2 / (R 1 + R 2)) U x ( , U x ), , U x , p n - , , U x ( U x= + U x >0), . p n - (I ). I << I I I . , (I ) (R ) D UR = I R . , f = D UR = I R , , . . U x.

I U S = D I /D U , . [/]. - . ,

U x = f f = I R = S U R = S R (U x= + U x) =

= S R U x= S R U x≈.

U =, U x = S R U x.

, , . , 180).

KU = | U x/ U x| = S R .

C p1 p2 , . R . , R , , .

: .

. 3.1, - . 3.2.

. , , . . 3.3.

 

. 3.3

 

(R 3, R 4), ( 5, 6) ( 2, 3); . 7 8 . R 5 4 - . R 6 .

:

1. +15 15 .

2. :.

) , R = R 3, 2 = 5, = 2; 7 8, R 5 4 . R 6 ;

) , U x 5 . (f) 110 . U max , ;

) R = R 4.

3. - :

) , R = R 3, 2 = 5, = 2; 7 8, R 5 4 . R 6 ;

) - 20 200 . (f ) , K (f ) ≈ 0,7 [max K (f)];

) R = R 4.

4. :

) , R = R 3, 2 = 6, = 2; 7 8, R 5 4 . R 6 ;

) - 20 200 . (f ) , K (f ) ≈ 0,7 [max K (f)].

5. :

) , R = R 3, 2 = 5, = 3; 7 8, R 5 4 ;

) - 20 200 . (f ) , K (f ) ≈ 0,7 [max K (f)];

) 2, 3.

6. - :

 

) , R = R 3, 2 = 5, = 3; = = 7, R 5 4 . R 6 ;

) - 20 200 . f , K (f ) ≈ 0,7 [max K (f)];

) = 8.

7. :

) , R = R 3, 2 = 5, = 2; 7 8 . R 5 4. R 6 ;

) - 20 200 . (f ) , K (f ) ≈ 0,7 [max K (f)].

8. :

) , R = R 3, 2 = 5, = 2; 7 8, R 5 4 . R 6 ;

) , U x 5 . 110 . U max , ;

) R 6;

) 20 200 .

:

1. - .

2. .

3. . . 28 ( , , U max f ). , . 3, , (. . 3,; 4,; 5,; 6,; 7,; 8,).

4. .

4

 





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