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( . . VII. . - ., 1975. - . 363-381)

, - , , , - - . , , , . , , . , . , - , horse "" hoarse "", dew "" do "", , merry "", marry "" Mary "" [1].

, (, ) . , , : ( ); ( ), , [2].

, , . - - . , . - , - , , , .

, - : [drin] - [dren] drain "", : I dove - I dived " ", : doughnut - fried cake "". : , , - , , , " " , , , . .

: ( ), - ( ) , , -, : [wil hav lt det atet and go ut tnit t th bot nd roid boi th batri nd thro brikbats at th batlships] "We'll have a late date at eight and go out tonight on the boat, and ride by the Battery and throw brickbats at the battleships". [" , , , , ".] , , .

. , ,- , , . , - , . , , , , , , . , - . , . , (, -, , - , ); . , , [3].

:

, , , . -, . , , , (, ) , . , , . , , , , . 90- XVIII . , , - , , . ( 1- 1- ). . , "" , . .

, 1860 . . . , , , . , . , " ", " ". , . , , , - .

. , ( ) . , , , . , , , , , . , , , [4]. , , , . - , . , , . , , - .

, 20- [5]. 1920 , , , , . , , - . , , , , - : , -. , , . , , , .

, , /-r/; , , [r] . , , [rait], [rad]; [rat]. , nice white rice " " . , [nas hwat ras], ( ) [nais hwait rais]. ( ) " " , half "", past "" dance "". . , , . , . , ain't (=aren't), , , . ; (chipmunk) - , (ground squirrel), .

:

, - . .

, , - , , , -. , , , [au] [i] down "" ride " " [u] spoon "" soon "". . , . ; , , , . , , , . XIX . , -, , . , . , , , . (, , ) , , . , , , , , , - ( ) [6].

, , , " ", , , , . , , . , - , , , ("") - , , , , , . . , [7]. , , , , , . , - , "-", , 1917-1919 [8]. , , .

: . , , , , [9]. . , " ", . , , , , " " ( ) , [10]. . , ( ) - , . , , , , . - , , - , , .

, (. 1951). , , , , . , , , - - . , , , , . , , , , . . 1915 -, , . , , . ( ) . , . , , . , . , - , , - , , . , - - , .

, .

, , , , , . , , , . , .

, , ? - - ?

, , , . /Shikago/, - /hagz/ /fag/ (", "); - /Sikogo/, /hog/ "" /fog/. prairie "", gangway "" clout "" , [11]. , [i] [u] high "" how "", [u] spoon "" soon "", /eje/ - . , , ; /ohere/ o'Hare Field ( ) , [12].

, , (/t/ /th/, /d/ /th/), . , - , bar mitzvah blintz tsorris yentz, /t, d, n, s, z, r, l/. , - . , ; , .

, 1900 , , , . - , /sikago/ , /griz/ "" /grizi/ "" [13], /r/ barn "", beard "" . ., horse "" hoarse "" . , , , , . - , , , , , , , .

; . . -s he do ( does), it make ( makes), holp ( helped), -s : we says ( say), they does ( do) : two postes /-z/ ( two posts). , , , , , , , used to: Used to, everybody in these-here hills made their own liquor ", ( )". , , , , - - .





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