.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


()

. . , , , . , , . . , . (, , ) , . , , , , . , . [11].

, , [5, 7, 10].

1 = 1000 3600 = 3600000 = 3.6

1 3.6
0.1 360
1 0.278
100 27.8

[3, 6]

1. [2]

1 250 : E = CU2 /2 = 1 ∙ 2502 /2 = 31.25 ~ 8.69 . , 120 . 0.26 /. 9 . 20 . . : .

2.

[5]. 2000 5 . , . E = mgh ~ 2000 ∙ 10 ∙ 5 = 100 ~ 27.8 . 0.05 /. 28 . 20 . : .

. 10 () . , . 10 . E = mgh ~ 10000 ∙ 10 ∙ 10 = 1 = 0.278 . 0.1 /. 280 . 20 . : , .

3. [3, 4]

, , E = 0.5 J w2, J - .

R H:

J = 0.5 p r R4 H

r - , .

Vmax ( 200 / ).

Vmax = wmax R wmax = Vmax /R

Emax = 0.5 J w2max = 0.25 p r R2 H V2max = 0.25 M V2max

: Emax /M = 0.25 V2max

10 /. 100 (R = 0.2 , H = 0.1 ) 0.25 ∙ 3.14 ∙ 8000 ∙ 0.22 ∙ 0.1 ∙ 2002 ~ 1 ~ 0.278 . 280 . 20 . : , [3, 4].

4. [1]

- 190 12 50 % 10 9 . 12 ∙ 10 ∙ 9 = 1.08 ~ 3.9 . 70 56 /. 1080 . 3... 5 . : , , 12 , , 12 , 12/220 [8, 9].

5.

1 3 50 . , 5 . . A, , [12]:

A = (M / m) R T ln (V2 / V1)

M - , m - , R - , T - , V1 - , V2 - . (P1 V1 = P2 V2) V2 / V1 = 50, R = 8.31 /( ), T = 293 0K, M / m ~ 50: 0.0224 ~ 2232, 2232 ∙ 8.31 ∙ 293 ∙ ln 50 ~ 20 ~ 5.56 . 250 . 80 /. 5.5 . 20 . : , , , , .

.

, , / 100 , ,
1 , 250 , 120 31.25 0.26 5.2 20
2 , 5   0.05 16.7 20
10 , 10   0.1   20
100 , 0.4 , 0.1       20
- 190 , 12 , 70       3... 5
1 3 250 50       20

, , , , .

:

1. . . . : / . . , . . , . . . - .: , 1988. - 288 .: .

2. ( )

3. . . " ": - - / . . - .: . ., 1984. - 143 ., .

4. . . - , 2008, 12.

5. . ., . ., . . . - , 1981, 3.

6. : . / . . , . . , . . , . . ; . . . . - .: , 1991. - 400 .: .

7.

8. =12/~220 50 100

9. =12/~220 50 600

10.

11.

12. . ., . . / . 7 ., . .: "", . . .- ., 1978. 944 .; .

:

  • (. Accumulator - ) - .
  • - .
  • ( ) - .

 



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