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17 1974 " ": " , , , 50 ", - , - " , - - ...". 1 Internet? 1960- , , RAND Corporation, , , . , , . 4 1957 . , . Internet. - - ( ). a priori : . , . , 1964 RAND (Paul Baran), , () . , . , . , , ( ) . ARPANET 1960- , RAND, - . NPL (National Physical Laboratory, ). 1968 , - ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency, ), - . 1969 ARPANET, , : SDS SIGMA -, SDS940 , IBM360 -, DEC PDP-10 . ARPANET . , , . 1971 ARPANET 15 , , RAND, , -, Case Western Reserve NASA . 1972 ARPANET 37 , 1973 . DCA (Defence Communication Agency, ), DISA (Defence Information Systems Agency, ). , ARPANET , ARPANET , . . , , . ARPANET 70- , , ARPANET . 1970- . Ÿ , , , - , ( ) NCP (Network Control Protocol, ). TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, / Intenet, ). 1974 , NSF (National Science Foundation, - ), TCP/IP, 1977 ARPANET . TCP/IP, , NCP , , , . IP , , , , NCP ARPANET. , , , . ISO (Organization for International Standartization, ) , , . Internet IP- . . , . , , . TCP/IP ARPANET, . 1983 ARPANET, Internet, , NCP TCP/IP. ARPANET MILNET, Defence Data Network (DDN, ) . Internet : MILNET ARPANET. 1991 ARPANET , Internet , . , MIL STD (Military Standarts, ), , , . ARPA Berkley Software Design - TCP/IP Berkley (BSD) UNIX. UNIX TCP/IP. UNIX , ( , , , ..) , . , Internet ( , , ) . Internet 80- 1980- Internet. (LAN), , Ethernet . , . UNIX. Internet (IP). : ARPANET ( Internet Internet , / Intranet). , , IP . , , , . , . Internet : EUNet UNIX-, - 1982 EARN - , 1983 JUNET UNIX-, 1984 JANET , 1984. 80- , NSF, NSFNET , , - . Internet (Internet Backbone). . , . . : . ARPANET, , . NSF , IP ARPANET. 56 / ( ( . ). , , .. - , . . . , . , . , , . , . , , . () , , . 1987 . Merit Network Inc., IBM MCI. , Internet 1988 NSFNET T1 (1.544 / c ). . . . , , Internet - . , , . , . , NSF , . Internet , . NSF Internet , , , , . , Internet. . Internet, . Internet . , , . 1987 , Intenet, 10 000. 1989 100 000. 90- WWW 1990- Internet, . - - NSFNET, 1991 NSFNET T3, 44.738 /. ( Internet 100-200% !). 1990 , Archie. WAIS, Gopher (, Gopher Gold Gopher). Gopher , Go for ( ) . 1992 Veronica, . Internet. 1992 , . , , Internet 1990- (, , ) WWW (World Wide Web, ). 1990 CERN ( , ) WWW-, NeXT. WWW 1992 . 1993 NCSA (National Center for Supercomputer Applications, ) - (.. ) Mosaic. 1993 Mosaic, WWW 1% NSFNET. 1993 200 WWW- . 1993 NSF Internet . NSFNET. 1995 , NSFNET, 30 1995 . : OC3 (155 /) vBNS (very high speed Backbone Network Service, ), NSF, , NAP (Network Access Point, ), -, , - , vBNS, ( ), - , . Internet WWW . WWW- , . Internet ( ) 1995 6.5 , , , , , . |
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