1. You ____ compile all available information before you start writing
your term paper.
2. You ____ do this exercise again, there are many mistakes in your
written work.
3. The experimental methods ____ be widely used in economics.
4. The students ____ be very careful in handling computers at
yesterdays laboratory classes.
5. The manager ____ be consulted on this matter.
6. You ____ (not) work so hard, you know.
Exercise 11. Put the correct numbers from the list by the following sentences according to modal verb and concept. The first has been done for you.
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Request Offer Intention Obligation (strong) Obligation (mild) Prohibition No obligation Ability Permission | 1) could, 2) can, 3) would, 4) will, 5) will, 6) shall, 7) will, 8) have to, 9) must, 10) should, 11) ought to, 12) mustnt, 13) cant, 14) dont have to, 15) can, 16) could, 17) can, 18) may, 19) could |
She can read English, but she cant read German.
Could you do something for me? I have a problem.
I think you should write and apologize for the damaged book.
What time do you have to start the auditing?
He could give me all the information I needed.
Will you show me how to operate this calculator?
Could I use your phone for a moment?
All must be very careful when reading this text.
You mustnt drive if youve been drinking.
You cant leave your luggage here, its not allowed.
Shall I get another book for you?
Would you please read this sentence again?
Present Probability
can/ could/ may/ might/ must +
| be + Ving be + Adj |
e.g. He cant/ couldnt be tired after doing such an easy exercise.
,
.
e.g. Where is John? He must be talking to the dean about his failure in
two subjects. ? , (), .
e.g. They may/ might be meeting her at the station. ,
.
Past Probability
must/ may/ might/ can/ could + have + V3 (Active) |
must/ may/ might/ can/ could + have been + V3 (Passive) |
e.g. Mary must have translated this article yesterday. ,
, .
3
(The Infinitive), , , , , .
, .
(Vinf) (Ving) :
|
|
1. To study English is not easy. = Studying English is not easy. ( ) | 1. . = . |
2. He began to learn/learning English at school. ( ) | 2. . |
, :
I like to do my work very quickly. = I like doing my work very
quickly.
like (to do, doing) ( ), , , my work, .
. (Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect Perfect Continuous) (Active Passive).
: (to) be doing Continuous Infinitive Active
(to) have been done Perfect Infinitive Passive
The Infinitive
Active | Passive | |
Indefinite | (to) do | (to) be done |
Continuous | (to) be doing | - |
Perfect | (to) have done | (to) have been done |
Perfect Continuous | (to) have been doing | - |
:
1) (the subject of the sentence)
To own a company is a great responsibility. | . |
2) (object)
The bank began to take deposits. | . |
3) (complex object)
:
|
|
, (want, wish, expect etc.) to, ( see, hear, observe) to (Ving).
, ( ), ( ).
, .
The teacher wanted the students/them to translate the text. | , / . |
The teacher saw the students/them translate/translating the text | / / . |
4) (predicative)
The key to any money laundering scheme is to get the money into legitimate bank accounts. | . |
5) (attribute)
The creditors of a bankrupt limited company have no right to pursue the owners for the companys unpaid debts. | (). |
|
|
6) (adverbial modifier of purpose/result)
She stopped to talk to the teacher about the test. | , () / . |
Every major stock market around the world has at least one index which is used to represent the stock market as a whole. | , , ( ), , . |
International companies very often combine to turn into a monopoly. | . |
7) (complex subject).
complex subject
in English. = It is believed that he has read this |
Book in English.