, . , , . - .
:
For <..>:=<..> To <..> Do <>;
For <..>:=<..> Downto <..> Do <>;
.. - -, .. - , .. - .
: " ( ) ( )". "" "For". , - .
:
1. - ;
2. ;
3. - 1 ( );
4. , , - 2.
: Downto 1, , .
, , , .
, "" , , , . "" " " .
.
1 100.
.
I. "".
Program Ex1;
Var
A: Integer;
S: Longint;
Begin
A:=1; S:=0;
While A<=100 Do
Begin
S:=S+A*A;
A:=A+1
End;
Writeln(S)
End.
II. "".
Program Ex2;
Var
A: Integer;
S: Longint;
Begin
A:=1; S:=0;
Repeat
S:=S+A*A;
A:=A+1
Until A>100;
Writeln(S)
End.
III. " ".
Program Ex3;
Var
A: Integer;
S: Longint;
Begin
S:=0;
For A:=1 To 100 Do S:=S+A*A;
Writeln(S)
End.
, , , . , , , . , . .
|
|
|
, . , , , , . . "" , () . , , . , ( ), ASCII.
. - . , . - String Char. - Char , String 255 . , String. , . , 255. :
Var
S: String[30];
?
, . String 256 , , , ? , , , ( ) . , .
( ), , . . . , . - , , (), .
, , , . . String .
: S[5] - S.
, (, , , ..).
, . , . . , ? , . Length. : Length(S)
|
|
|
S - , .
.
Program Str1;
Var
S: String;
Begin
Writeln(' ');
Readln(S);
Writeln(' ',Length(S), ' ')
End.
:
: " ".
Program Str2;
Var
S: String;
I: Byte;
Begin
Writeln(' ');
Readln(S);
For I:=1 to Length(S) do { , }
Writeln(S[I]) {, ( }
{ S) }
End.
?
. "+".
, :
R:= 'kadabra';
H:= 'abra';
S:=H+R;
S 'abrakadabra'.
( ). , , , String , "" .
. . , : , ?
, ?
: . , (, ). , , . , , .
Ord.
: Ord(C), - , , . , Ord , - . , . Chr(N), N - , 0 255 ( ). , Chr(Ord(C))=C, Ord(Chr(N))=N.
: Program Str3;
Var
I: Byte;
Begin
For I:=32 to 255 do
Write('VV',I:4, '-',Chr(I))
End.
32 , 0 31 .
: ", "". , . , "" "" - , "" - ".
: , , ; , , - . , .
Program Str4;
Var
S,B: String;
I: Byte;
Begin
Writeln(' ');
Readln(S);
|
|
|
B:=''; { B " "}
For I:=1 to Length(S) do
B:=S[I]+B; {. S }
{ B . .}
If B=S Then Writeln('') Else Writeln(' ')
End.
, , , . . Val.
:
Val(S,X,C);
S - , , X - , , - , S . Val 0, , .
Str. :
Str(X,S);
X - ( ), S - .
S X. , , ( ), .
: " ". , , , -, .
Program Str5;
Var
S: String;
I,X,A,C: Integer;
Begin
Writeln(' ');
Readln(S); { }
A:=0;
For I:=1 To Length(S) Do
Begin
Val(S[I],X,C); { }
A:=A+X { }
End;
Writeln(' ',A)
End.
: DELETE(S,I,C) S C , I-;
INSERT(SN,S,I) SN S I;
COPY(S,I,C) S C , I;
Pos(SN,S) , S SN ( ). , .
:
" 'ABC' 'KLMNO'".
Program Str6;
Var
S: String;
A: Byte;
Begin
Writeln(' ');
Readln(S);
While Pos('ABC',S)<>0 Do
Begin
A:= Pos('ABC',S);
Delete(S,A,3);
Insert('KLMNO',S,A)
End;
Writeln(S)
End.
.
. : . , - . PACKED, :
var MAS: Packed Array[1..20] of Char;
:
var M: Array[1..20] of char;
, , Pack, UnPack.
. , . , , , . - . . , .
|
|
|
- , TURBO PASCAL String. , 30 ,
type s= String[30];
, 255 .
TURBO PASCAL ,
type s= String;
String .
, , . " ", . 1. Char.
, . .
, () .
. , . , .
- , .
, . , . , .
:
const sName: String[9]= 'IBM PC/AT';
FillChar:
FillChar(var V; NBytes: Word; C: Char);
:
FillChar(A, SizeOf(A), '0');
TURBO PASCAL , .
, . , .
. - Type.
Type
< > = < >;
. ( ).
, .
, , . , .
: < > = (<.1>, <.2>,? <.n>);
. , .
, . , , , , , , . , :
Ord(X) - X .
Succ(X) - .
Pred(X) - .
, Ord , . Succ, - Pred.
.
. Char, Integer, . , . , Boolean :
|
|
|
Type
Boolean = (False, True);
, , , Boolean . , Ord(False)=0.
, " ".
:
Program T1;
Type
Colors = (Black, Blue, Green, Cyan, Red, Magenta, Brown, Yellow, White);
Var
C1,C2: Colors;
Begin
C1:=Green;
C2:=Red;
Writeln(Ord(C1), Ord(Succ(C2)))
End.
"2" "5", Green Magenta.
, - -.
, , ( ). . : .
:
Type
< >=<.>..<.>;
:
Type
Age=0..150; { 0 150}
Lat='A'.. 'Z'; { }
Month=(January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December);
Spring=March..May; { }
, .
Type
< >=< >;
:
Type
Number=Byte;
