- , , .
, , . (. . 3); , , , . .. , ; 29 , , . 10 11 , 14 - *.
* : . . . 1937. . 112-114. . . Ȕ.
10 :
. 500 100 .
11:
81. .
( . ) . :
, [ ] [Michael Futrell. Northern Underground (London: Faber and Faber, 1963), p. 162.].
14 : . 90 - . - , : -, 120, .
, . , . , , :
, : , (), (- ); : .. , , , , . , - , , 2.000.000 . [-] [. Robert Paul Browder and Alexander F. Kerensky. The Russian Provisional Government, 1917 (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1961), 3: 1365. .].
|
|
, , , ( 1925 ), , 21 1918 , : , . . [U.S. State Dept. Decimal File, 861.00/1130.].
, , , . , , . (. 70). , , , -, - , .
, 1922 , . , , , . *( ), ; , , , , . , , , . 54 138 4 1921 [U.S. State Dept. Decimal File, 861.516/129, August 28. 1922. , 9 1922 (861.516/137), : - , , . , , . , , 54 , , ; . , , , (U.S. State Dept. Decimal File, 861.516/137, Stockholm, October 9,1922. : Ira N. Morris). - . . . Ȕ.].
|
|
* . . . Ȕ.
, , - , 3 , . ; : [Ibid., 861.516/130. September 13, 1922.].
, 10 . , , [Ibid.]. , , , , [Ibid.].
1922 , , , . , - . ; : , , , , , . 1918 . . ( 17 1922 ) :
, , , , , - . . , . , , , . , . . , . , , . [Ibid., 861.516/140, Stockholm, October 23, 1922.].
- , , . 1 1922 , 300 .
, , . - . :
|
|
, . , , [Ibid., 861.516/147, December 8, 1922.].
:
, , - , ... , [ Ibid., 861.516/144, November 18, 1922.].
, .
. . - , , . , 1924 , , , . . , , , :
, , - . [], - , , . , - , , , , [Ibid., 861.316/197, Stockholm, March 7, 1924.].
, .
- , .
, 1914-1917 [ , 1919 .: U.S. Senat, Brewing and Liquor Interests and German and Bolshevik Propaganda. Hearings bevor the Subcommittee on the Judiciary, 65th Cong., 1919, 2:2154-74.]
- . , , , ( ; .
1919 , . , 1915 - . , . .
|
|
, 1915 1918 , , . 400.000 1914 , & .. 25 . , , & .. . , : , & .? : , & . .
, 1,3 , , , -, .
( ) 3 . 1 . . , ( ), . . , ., . ( ) , - . , 400.000 .
, & , , 1917 . ; -: , , , , . . , [Count von Bemstorff. My Three Years in America (New York: Scrib-ner's, 1920), p. 261.]. , - [ Ibid.]. , [ Ibid.]. , , & , , . , 8 1917 ( ); : . ( ). [French Strothers. Fighting Germany's Spies (Garden City, N.Y.: Double-day, Page,1918), p. 152.], , , , ; & .
-, , , - 1916 -. - , , . - , . , & .. -.
, , & ., , . , : - , , , , (. ) -.
|
|
1919 , . :
[ ] . , , , ; , .
: , ?
- : .
: , , , .
: ?
- : . , , . , 1 1914 , 4.670.000 .
: , [U.S. Senate, Overman Committee, 2:2009.].
, , , , . , . .
[ ( ): Jean Bardanne. Le Colonel Nicolai: espion de genie (Paris: Editions Siboney, n.d.); Cours de Justice. Affaire Caillaux, Loustalot et Comby: Procedure Generate Interrogatoires (Paris, 1919), pp. 349-50. 937-46; Paul Vergnet. L'Affaire Caillaux (Paris, 1918), especially the chapter titled Marx de Mannheim; Henri Guemut, Emile Kahn and Camille M. Lemer-cier. Etudes documentaires sur L'Affaire Caillaux (Paris, n.d.), pp. 1012-15; and George Adam. Treason and Tragedy: An Account of French War Trials (London: Jonathan Cape, 1929).]
, , , -, -.
17 1891 -, , -. 1912 . , - . - , . , -. , . . 1919 , [. .]. 25 1914 , . , , -, . , , - . , , 1916 , - . . & .. 50.000 & .. . : X. , , 1917 , -, . , , . . , , , , [ 1919 . . .].
( ) . , , 1919 , . 1911 , , , - . - . , . , , . . , , . -- - (), () - (). , [.: Rudolph Binion. Defeated Leaders (New York: Columbia University Press, 1960).]. -, , , [George Adam. Treason and Tragedy: An Account of French War Trials (London: Jonathan Cape, 1929).]. , 1915 , ; - . , 1915 1916 -, .
- , . - -, 24 1916 . 2 , , & . [Ibid.]. , 1918 , , , [Severance Johnson. The Enemy Within (London: George Alien & Unwin, 1920).]. . 1919 , - . , . ( 940) ( ):
: ?
: - .
: -?
: - .
, 1922 , , . , , , , . : ; , .
, . , , : ; , , & . , , , .