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. . . () , - , , . .-. (. ), , . . . , , . . , . . . . , , . , . , - .-. . ( ). , . , -

.: x = , - . - .

( ) . . . -.-. ( ) . . , . , , - . , . -. : , - ; , , . . ., , (. . ) ., . . . , , . - , .-. . . , . ., . . . . , κ-poro , , - . . . ; , , . , .

. . , , , . , . . , - . , , , - . . ., . . , . . , . , , , , . . , - . . . , . , ., , , , . ., . . , , ., .

., , . ., ., 1948; . ., , ., 1961; - . ., . , . ., ., 1973; Φ ρ - ., , . ., .: -, . 8, ., 1977; . ., .

687

, .: , Μ., 1978; ., ., , . ., [.1], ., 1979; Identity and individuation, N. Υ., 1971.

M. M. .

(Toynbee) (14.4.1889, ,22.10.1975, ), . . . (A study of history, v. l12, 193461), - .-. . ., . ( . 21, 13, , ). , , , , , , . , , , . - . . , . . , ., , , . , -, . , . , . . -. , . , , ; . , - , . , , . . . . , . , . . -. . .

. . ; . , . . (Choose Life. A dialogue, 1976), . . . ; , . . , , . . .-. , . .

. . . . .

The world and the West, L., 1953; America and the world revolution, N. Y., 1962; Change and habit, L., 1966; Experiences, L.[a. o.], 1969; Cities on the move, L., 1970; Mankind and mother earth. A narrative history of the world, N. Y. L., 1976; . . . , .: . ., . . , ., 1974, . 27082.

. ., . . . , ., 1959; - 9. ., . , .: . . , ., 1960; Map . ., , ., 1962; - . ., . . , , 1972;

. ., -. . . ., ., 1976; . ., . . . , ., 1980 (.); Anderle . F., Das universalhistorische System A. J. Toynbees, Fr./M., 1955; Toynbee and history, ed. by M. E. A. Montagu, Boston, 1956; L'histoire et ses interpretations, P.La Haye, 1961; M or t on S. F., A bibliography of A. J. Toynbee, Oxf., 1980.

(Tocqiieville) (29.7.1805, , --, . , 16.4.1859, ), . , . .

. (. 12, 1835, . . 1897) ., .--. , . , . . . . . , - . . -, . . , . , -, - .

. -, . , - , . -, () , - , . , ., -, - . , ., - , . : -, , . . . . . , . . . . . . . .

. (1856, . . 1918) . , . .

- . . . (, -, , . , ).

Oeuvres completes, t. l12, P., 195164; . . , ., 1893.

Mayer J. P., Alexis de Tocqueville, N. Υ.,1940; N i s-b et R. A., The sociological tradition, L., 1967.

(Toland) (30.11.1670, , . ,11.3.1722, , ), . -. . (Tribe of Levi, 1691) (Christianity not mysterious, 1696) . (1697), , , . . . . . . (1699) . (1700). . . . (Letters to Serena, 1704) . , - . . , . . . . . . . , .

. . : , . . -. . , . . . - (1720) -. . . . . 18 .

* The miscellaneous works, v. l2, L., 1747; . . . ., . ., 1927; . 18 ., . 1, ., 1967; . , . , . ., . . , ., 1981.

. ., . 18 ., .: . 18 ., . 1, ., 1967; , . ., ., 1979; . ., . ., .: 1418 ., ., 1974; Lantoine Α., J. Toland, 1670 1722, P., 1927.

, .-. .

. . 19 . 20 ., . . . . , ?, . . . , , , . . . - . ( - - ), . . . , . . , .-. . 19 . . .

, , , - . . , . , . , - , , . . . . . . , - .

- , . . . . , , , - , . , . . , (-.) . . , .

. , . . , .-. .

, -, . . . - , . .-. . .

, , . .

, . . , . . , . 1880- . , , (. . ) . . . , , (), - 18801900- . . . ., , . . (. . . , ., 1969).

. ., , M., 19012; Π ρ - . ., , ., 1911; - . ., , .: . . , . 1, ., 1969.

(Thomas) (13.8.1863, , , 5.12.1947, , ), . , .

. , : ( ); ; . . - . (The Polish peasant in Europe and America, v. l5, 191820) . . , , . . .

, . , . . : , , . . , .

. : ( ); ( , ); . . , . . , ; . , .

. . () , , . . . . .

Sex and society, Chi. L., 1907; Source book for social origins, Boston, 19202; The unadjusted girl, Boston, 1923; The child in America, N. Y., 1928 (. D. S. Thomas); Primitive behavior, N. Y. L., 1937; Social behavior and personality, ed. by E. H. Volkart, N. Y., 1951; On social organization and social personality. Selected papers, ed. with an introd. by M. Janowitz, Chi., 1966.

Young K., Contributions of W.I. Thomas to sociology, Sociology and Social Research, 1962, v. 47, 1; 1963, v. 47, 2 4.

( . Thomas ), . , . . . , ( , ). : , (,

689

, , .-. ); ( , ); . . (. - ); , - , - ; (. ). . 1277 - , 14 . , ( , . , ). . . ., (). 19 . . . ( XIII 1879; . ).

(Thoreau) (12.7.1817, , . ,6.5.1862, , ), . -, , . . . . . . . . . , , . , . . , , . , (. 1854, . . 1910, 1962) . , . . , , , . , ., . , . , .

. . ( ) , . . (1849, . . 1977) . . (, , . . .), , , . . . ( ). . 186165 . . . - . . . . -. . . . . . 60- . 70- . 20 . . . , - (., . ) . . . .

The writings, ν. 120, Boston Ν. Υ., 1906.

. ., ., , .: - ., , ., 1910; Π a p p - . ., . . , . ., . 2, 1962, . 3, . 3; Krutch J. W., Henry David Thoreau N. Υ., 1948; ding W., Meyer M., The new Thoreau handbook, N. Y., 1980.

( . totalitas , , totalis , , ), 1) . - , () - . - -, ( ) , -. -, . . , . , . - . .

2) . . , , . - . - (, ). . , . . . . .- . .

. . . -, - . -., . . . . .

. . , -. , . . . . , - . .

, . .

(Toffler) (. 4.10.1928, -), . , , , . (1970, . . 1972), - (The eco spasm. Report, 1975), (The third wave, 1980) . , . , . . .-. .-. . , . . , . . -. .

The culture consumers, N. Υ., 1973; The futurists, Ν. Υ., 1972; Learning for tomorrow, N. Y., 1974 (editor).

- . Α., , ., 1973; . ., . - . , . , 1981, 9; ., , . , 1981, 4.

, . . , .-. , . . , . . , . , -

. . () . .

. , , , . . , ., , , - , (. . . ). , . . , .-. . , . ( , ) . , . . , , . -. , . : . , , , . , .

. . .-. , . ( , . ). . . , - ( , ), --. , . . . , . , . (. ).





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