:
, . ( , , )
, . ( , )
, , .
(S).
, . - . , . , . , .
, , . .
- 100%
- ,
, ,
η = (Th - Tc) / Th = 1 - Tc / Th
η =
Th = (K)
Tc = (K)
, Tc , . 100% -, Tc 0 K. , 1 ( 100%).
- > 0
- = 0
() - < 0
()
. , , .
:
S = H / T
S = (/*)
H = (/)
T = (K)
. (Ta):
dS = dH / Ta
(H / T) 0. - , H H.
|
|
|
.
, () (reversibly heated), . : 1 --( ) --> 2 --( ) --> 3 --( ) --> 4 --( ) --> 1
1 - 2:
. Th, . , ( ) QH. . QH=∫Tds=Th (S2-S1) =Th ΔS
2 - 3:
() . . .
3 - 4:
. , Tc, , Qc. Qc=Tc(S2-S1)=Tc ΔS
4 - 1:
() . . .
, , , .
T S ( ).
(). - , . , dS dS 0.
