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6.050702 "",
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ʳ , . . , .
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' . 4, . . , , , , , . .
urbo ascal 7.0 Turbo C 3.0 .
' 1
ί ֲ ASCII
, "", File, Compile, Run .
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1. Ͳ ²Ҳ
1.1. ' , Program, .
Uses (), Type ( ), Const (), Var (), Label (), Procedure (-), Function (-), , . , . , .. , . Uses, , .
, . Begin, End .
1.2. (ASCII), 1963 . . 8 ( ), 7 , . 7 27=128 , 33 ( , ) 95 ( , , ) . , ASCII , 128 (28=256). , , 437 ϳ , 850 , 866 . , , , . ASCII .
16- UniCode, 216=65536 . , .. , , 30 . . , , Windows.
1.3. ASCII ' :
1) (Esc,Tab,Enter,BackSpace) ;
2) , Nul, Alt . , 65. Alt-65. ' Alt;
3) , Nul, Ctrl , 40 . , Bel () 07. 07+40=47 G. Bel Ctrl-G.
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1.4. ASCII Chr(I), 0 255 .
1.5. ij, Chr Ord(Ch), Ch, , .
1. .
Program Code_Key;
Uses Crt;
Var
Ch: char;
Begin
TextColor (blue);
TextBackground (lightgray);
ClrScr;
Writeln (' i');
Ch:= ReadKey;
if Ch = #0 then
begin
Ch:= ReadKey;
WriteLn(' i ',
Ord(Ch));
end
else
WriteLn(' i ASCII ',
Ord(Ch));
Readln;
End.
2.
Code_ASCII, ASCII , , File,Compile,Run . ASCII.
Program Code_ASCII;
Uses Crt;
Var I:byte;
Begin
TextBackground (lightgray);
ClrScr;
TextColor (blue);
Writeln;
Write (' ':25,' i i');
TextColor (black);
Write (' ASCII');
Window (10,4,80,25);
For I:=0 to 255 do
begin
ClrScr;
TextColor (red);
Write (' : ');
TextColor (yellow);
Writeln (I);
TextColor (red);
Write (': ');
TextColor (yellow);
Writeln (Chr (I):2);
TextColor (red);
Writeln;
TextColor (green+ blink);
GotoXY (17,19);
Write ('i i "ENTER" ');
Readln;
end;
Readln;
Window (1,1,80,25);
End.
3. Ͳ
3.1. .
3.2. ASCII.
3.3. ASCII.
3.4. .
3.5. .
' 2
Ͳ ² ""
"" , Edit .
1. Ͳ ²Ҳ
1.1. if case. .
1.2. ( <..> , , )
if <> then < 1> else < 2>;
<> True, , < 1>. <> False, , < 2>. ,
if A>B then C:=A+B else C:=A-B;
then else - , begin..end, ,
If A>B then
Begin
C:=A+B;
D:=A*B;
End
Else
Begin
C:=A-B;
D:=A/B;
end;
else ; , if .
<> : and, Δ or, Ͳ not, Δ xor, ,
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if (A>B)and(C<=D)or(C>0) then C:=A+B else C:=A-B;
if else -, ,
if A>B then C:=A+B;
, <> False, if .
if , , - . 䳿 then else - if begin..end, ,
If A>B then
Begin
if C<=D then C:=A+B else C:=A-B;
End
Else
C:=A/B;
1. , , 1-, 2- 3- .
Program If_Kosmos;
Uses CRT;
Const
V1=7.9; { , /}
V2=11.2; { , /}
V3=16.6; { , /}
Var
V:real;
Begin
TextBackGround (lightgray);
ClrScr;
TextColor (blue);
GotoXY (7,2);
Writeln (' I
I ');
TextColor (red);
GotoXY (9,4);
Write ('i i , /: ');
TextColor (black);
Readln (V);
GotoXY (9,6);
TextColor (yellow);
if V<V1 then
Writeln (' !!!');
if (V>=V1)and(V<V2) then
Writeln (' i!!!');
if (V>=V2)and(V<V3) then
Writeln (' i
!!!');
if V>V3 then
Writeln (' !!!');
Repeat Until KeyPressed;
End.
1.3. case .
Case<>of
<1- >: < 1>;
<2- >: < 2>;
<N- >: < N>;
else <>;
end;
< > < 1> < N>. , <> else -. <>, , - () , , . ,
Case J of
1: C:=A+B;
3: C:=A-B;
7: C:=A*B;
else C:=A/B;
end;
else -, ,
Case J of
1: C:=A+B;
3: C:=A-B;
7: C:=A*B;
end;
' , , ,
Case J of
1,2: C:=A+B;
3,4,6: C:=A-B;
7..13: C:=A*B;
end;
, begin..end, ,
Case J of
Begin
C:=A+B;
D:=(A-B)/2;
end;
3: C:=A-B;
7: C:=A*B;
else C:=A/B;
end;
2.
, . Edit .
2.1. , (), (,).
2.2. ϲ , , 쳿, . ϳ 䳿, "4' "5" .
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2.3. ϲ , "3", "4", "5", . , "3", "4" 25 %, "5".
2.4. , , , ' . , , ' .
2.5. ϲ , , . 쳿, ( ), , .
2.6. ϲ , , "3", "4", "5" . , 3,9.
2.7. ϲ , , , . , "4".
2.8. ϲ, "3", "4", "5" , . , .
2.9. ϲ , , . , "5", "4'.
2.10. ax2+bx+c=0. .
3. Ͳ
3.1. .
3.2. .
3.3. .
3.4. .
3.5. .
3.6. .
' 3
² ""
"" , Search, Help .
1. Ͳ ²Ҳ
1.1. , .
for. , while repeat.
1.2. for , 1 -1. , ,
for <> := <..> to <..> do <>;
<> <..> <..> - () , . , . , <> . ϳ . .
, ,
for I:=3 to 21 do Writeln (I);
, begin..end, ,
for I:=3 to 21 do
Begin
C:=A+B;
D:=A-B;
Writeln (I,C,D);
end;
䒺 -1 ( ) for
for <> := <..> downto <..> do <>;
, , ,
for I:=23 downto 11 do
Begin
C:=A+B;
D:=A-B;
Writeln (I,C,D);
end;
1. 12.
Program Dobutok_Array;
Uses Crt;
Const
n=12;
Var
A: array [1..n] of real;
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I: byte;
Dobutok: real;
Begin
TextBackGround (lightgray);
ClrScr;
TextColor (yellow);
GotoXY (17,2);
Writeln (' I I');
GotoXY (25,4);
Write ('i i ');
TextColor (black);
for I:= 1 to n do
begin
GotoXY (49,4);
Write ('a[',i,']= ');
Read (A[i]);
GotoXY (49,4);
ClrEol;
end;
Dobutok:= 1;
for I:= 1 to n do Dobutok:=Dobutok* A[i];
TextColor (red);
GotoXY (21,7);
Writeln (' i i: ', Dobutok:9);
Repeat Until KeyPressed;
End.
1.3. - , , . , .
while <> do <>;
<> , <> True, , ,
while A>B do C:=A+B;
, begin..end. , , 10 4 䒺 -2
:=10;
while A>=4 do
Begin
C:=A+D;
write (C);
A:=A-2;
end;
1.4.
Repeat
< 1>;
< 2>;
< N>;
until <>;
, <> False, , ,
:=10;
Repeat
C:=A+D;
write (C);
A:=A-2;
until A<4;
1.5. , , . , . while repeat.
1.6. , begin..end, , <> True,
While<>do
Begin
< 1>;
< 2>;
< N>;
end;
1.7. repeat.. until , <> False,
Repeat
< 1>;
< 2>;
< N>;
until <>;
2. k, y=xk/k , .
Program Minimum_K;
Uses Crt;
Var
a, x, y:real;
k:word;
Begin
TextBackground (lightgray);
ClrScr;
TextColor (blue);
Writeln (' "",
I y=x^k/k < a');
Writeln;
TextColor (red);
Write (' ':9,'ei "a" "x": ');
TextColor (black);
Readln (a, x);
k:=0;
repeat
k:= k+1;
y:= Exp(k*Ln(x))/k;
until y < a;
TextColor (yellow);
Writeln;
Writeln (' ':9,'i y < a = ',k);
Readln;
End.
1.8. , . , . , . for, while repeat.
1.9. for , , .
3. 35.
Program Summa_String;
Uses Crt;
Const
N=3;
M=5;
Var
A:array [1..N,1..M] of real;
