.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


(X, Y)




 

 

. 1.10. .

 

Y X y = ax + b ,

 

j(a, b) = M[(aX + b) Y)2] (1.41)

 

. , y = ax + b , ((ax + b) y)2 .

 

 

j(a, b) = M[y2] + a2M[x2] + b2 2×a×M[x y] 2×b×my + 2×a×b×mx

, :

 

; , (1.42)

 

mx my X Y; X Y,

 

r = ; Kxy = M[xy] mxmy = M[(x mx)(y mx)]. (1.43)

 

, Y X :

 

y = r (x mx) + my. (1.44)

 

, :

 

M[(a×Y + b X)2] (1.45)

 

X Y:

 

x = r (y my) + mx. (1.46)

 

, (1.46) (1.44) x. (1.44) (1.46) , , . , (1.41) Y aX + b Y, , (1.45) aY + b , .

xy (1.43) X Y, r = . , 1 £ r £ 1 Y.

r = 0, Y . , . r = 0 (1.44) (1.46) y = my x = mx, , ( ) X Y . , r= 1, (1.44) (1.46) ( ) . Y . . |r| , X Y. r > 0, . , . , X Y . , (r < 0) . , , , .

. 1.11 .

 
 

. 1.11. r > 0, r < 0, r= 1, r = 0.

 

(1.44) (1.46) mx, my, sx, sy r, , Fxy(x, y) fxy(x, y). , . , , , 1.4. [3]

 

= , (1.47)

 

:

 

. (1.48)

 

, n (1.47) .

, Y X:

 

y = r* (x ) + (1.49)

X Y:

x = r* (y ) + . (1.50)

 

, (1.49) (1.50) , , , (1.44) (1.45). , , , , r* n ¥ (1.49) (1.50) (1.44) (1.46).

(1.49) (1.50) , , :

,

(1.51)

.

 

(1.44) (1.46) (1.41) (1.45).

 

. (1.48), - r* r. , r=0. , (1.48). , , , ?

. n r* H0 = (r = 0). b

(1.52)

H0 ,

(1.53)

H0 ,

( 2). b r = n 2.

 

 

, X Y. . y = g(x, a1, a2, , ak), 1, 2, , :

.

2. ר.

1. Y, n = 100. .

2. Y.

3. Y.

4. X Y k = 8 10.

5. . X Y. 1.

6. , , , , , , , ,.

7. 95% 99% mx my.

8. Y, ( ).

9. Y , . !

10. b = 0,01 , c2. 1 , - .

11. Y . y = ax + b ( (xi, yi) ).

12. b = 0,01.

.

 

1. .

2. , .

3. . .

4. .

5. .

6. , .

7. , .

8. .

9. . .

10. .

11. . .

12. . .

13. c2 .

14. .

15. .

16. .

 

4. ר.

 

( Y) ( ). 100 . 4.1.

, 4.1, . ( 4.2) Y ( 4.3).

( 4.4).

( 4.5) , ( 4.5).

4.1. 100 .

N X y N x y N x y
1. 44.0 118.0 35. 69.2 150.0 69. 22.7 100.0
2. 33.1 67.0 36. 45.1 120.0 70. 48.9 128.0
3. 53.6 147.0 37. 40.2 113.0 71. 55.0 164.0
4. 56.4 129.0 38. 34.3 107.0 72. 69.2 162.0
5. 73.1 191.0 39. 21.3 104.0 73. 48.4 130.0
6. 57.8 137.0 40. 26.8 105.0 74. 37.6 114.0
7. 37.2 119.0 41. 72.1 169.0 75. 19.6 96.0
8. 18.2 100.0 42. 20.7 102.0 76. 32.0 107.0
9. 45.7 115.0 43. 26.0 103.0 77. 22.0 100.0
10. 40.2 114.0 44. 33.8 112.0 78. 53.2 126.0
11. 32.2 109.0 45. 45.6 114.0 79. 47.5 126.0
12. 76.4 169.0 46. 37.8 102.0 80. 43.2 111.0
13. 61.3 130.0 47. 18.2 97.0 81. 75.0 148.0
14. 46.7 119.0 48. 57.9 142.0 82. 63.2 152.0
15. 35.7 109.0 49. 74.0 149.0 83. 51.8 129.0
16. 68.1 156.0 50. 60.4 133.0 84. 43.0 106.0
17. 79.6 156.0 51. 55.8 125.0 85. 76.4 165.0
18. 49.6 125.0 52. 33.4 112.0 86. 49.5 118.0
19. 50.1 130.0 53. 58.0 127.0 87. 42.1 116.0
20. 45.5 125.0 54. 67.5 143.0 88. 30.7 105.0
21. 43.9 125.0 55. 53.4 121.0 89. 46.1 119.0
22. 43.2 116.0 56. 38.1 115.0 90. 63.5 144.0
23. 17.0 75.0 57. 46.8 128.0 91. 72.8 161.0
24. 58.6 128.0 58. 59.9 130.0 92. 56.6 141.0
25. 60.4 131.0 59. 19.5 91.0 93. 65.7 140.0
26. 76.1 155.0 60. 71.7 141.0 94. 49.8 123.0
27. 57.2 134.0 61. 50.6 134.0 95. 31.8 89.0
28. 39.4 113.0 62. 35.9 109.0 96. 24.0 111.0
29. 22.3 100.0 63. 18.8 108.0 97. 72.4 156.0
30. 74.4 141.0 64. 64.1 135.0 98. 35.7 105.0
31. 52.0 127.0 65. 51.1 137.0 99. 21.8 96.0
32. 31.5 90.0 66. 31.8 94.0 100. 22.0 79.0
33. 18.2 99.0 67. 25.3 75.0 * * *
34. 19.5 63.0 68. 25.0 51.0 * * *

4.2. .

N x N x N x N x N x
1. 44.0 21. 69.2 41. 25.0 61. 33.1 81. 45.1
2. 33.1 22. 53.6 42. 40.2 62. 48.9 82. 56.4
3. 53.6 23. 55.0 43. 73.1 63. 21.3 83. 69.2
4. 57.8 24. 26.8 44. 48.4 64. 37.2 84. 72.1
5. 37.6 25. 18.2 45. 20.7 65. 19.6 85. 45.7
6. 26.0 26. 32.0 46. 40.2 66. 33.8 86. 22.0
7. 32.2 27. 45.6 47. 53.2 67. 76.4 87. 37.8
8. 47.5 28. 61.3 48. 18.2 68. 43.2 88. 46.7
9. 57.9 29. 75.0 49. 35.7 69. 74.0 89. 63.2
10. 68.1 30. 60.4 50. 51.8 70. 79.6 90. 55.8
11. 43.0 31. 49.6 51. 33.4 71. 76.4 91. 50.1
12. 58.0 32. 49.5 52. 45.5 72. 67.5 92. 42.1
13. 43.9 33. 53.4 53. 30.7 73. 43.2 93. 38.1
14. 46.1 34. 17.0 54. 46.8 74. 63.5 94. 58.6
15. 59.9 35. 72.8 55. 60.4 75. 19.5 95. 56.6
16. 76.1 36. 71.7 56. 65.7 76. 57.2 96. 50.6
17. 49.8 37. 39.4 57. 35.9 77. 31.8 97. 22.3
18. 18.8 38. 24.0 58. 74.4 78. 64.1 98. 72.4
19. 52.0 39. 51.1 59. 35.7 79. 31.5 99. 31.8
20. 21.8 40. 18.2 60. 25.3 80. 22.0 100. 19.5

4.3. Y.

N Y N y N y N y N y
1. 118.0 21. 123.0 41. 121.0 61. 109.0 81. 96.0
2. 67.0 22. 100.0 42. 119.0 62. 133.0 82. 114.0
3. 147.0 23. 135.0 43. 128.0 63. 106.0 83. 114.0
4. 191.0 24. 105.0 44. 91.0 64. 130.0 84. 126.0
5. 105.0 25. 99.0 45. 140.0 65. 143.0 85. 119.0
6. 114.0 26. 150.0 46. 113.0 66. 105.0 86. 149.0
7. 115.0 27. 100.0 47. 108.0 67. 75.0 87. 129.0
8. 112.0 28. 129.0 48. 156.0 68. 130.0 88. 125.0
9. 126.0 29. 104.0 49. 90.0 69. 141.0 89. 127.0
10. 130.0 30. 130.0 50. 75.0 70. 134.0 90. 116.0
11. 142.0 31. 100.0 51. 51.0 71. 109.0 91. 116.0
12. 152.0 32. 103.0 52. 147.0 72. 111.0 92. 128.0
13. 156.0 33. 100.0 53. 107.0 73. 127.0 93. 161.0
14. 112.0 34. 169.0 54. 162.0 74. 94.0 94. 155.0
15. 118.0 35. 97.0 55. 119.0 75. 79.0 95. 134.0
16. 125.0 36. 148.0 56. 102.0 76. 67.0 96. 89.0
17. 115.0 37. 156.0 57. 107.0 77. 113.0 97. 141.0
18. 144.0 38. 125.0 58. 109.0 78. 164.0 98. 137.0
19. 131.0 39. 165.0 59. 102.0 79. 137.0 99. 96.0
20. 141.0 40. 125.0 60. 111.0 80. 169.0 100. 63.0

 

4.4.

17.0 18.2 18.2 18.2 18.8 19.5 19.5 19.6 20.7 21.3
21.8 22.0 22.2 22.3 22.7 24.0 25.0 25.3 26.0 26.8
30.7 31.5 31.8 31.8 32.0 32.2 33.1 33.4 33.8 34.3
35.7 35.7 35.9 37.2 37.6 37.8 38.1 39.4 40.2 40.2
42.1 43.0 43.2 43.2 43.9 44.0 45.1 45.5 45.6 45.7
46.1 46.7 46.8 47.5 48.4 48.9 49.5 49.5 49.8 50.1
50.6 51.1 51.8 52.0 53.2 53.4 53.6 55.0 55.8 56.4
56.6 57.2 57.8 57.9 58.0 58.6 59.9 60.4 60.4 61.3
63.2 63.5 64.1 65.7 67.5 68.1 69.2 69.2 71.7 72.1
72.4 72.8 73.1 74.4 74.8 75.0 76.1 76.4 76.4 79.6

4.5. .

(a i ; a i+1) m i z i Pi* f i*
1. 17 20   18.5 0.08 0.0267
2. 20 30   25.0 0.12 0.0120
3. 30 35   32.5 0.10 0.0200
4. 35 40   37.5 0.08 0.0160
5. 40 45   42.5 0.08 0.0160
6. 45 50   47.5 0.13 0.0260
7. 50 55   52.5 0.08 0.0160
8. 55 60   57.5 0.10 0.0200
9. 60 70   65.0 0.11 0.0110
10. 70 80   75.5 0.12 0.0120

 

( (1.12), (1.14), (1.15), (1.16) ):

= = 0.01 × 4650 = 46.50,

= = 0.01 × 4640.5 = 46.41,

= 260.18,

= 16.13,

= = 298.29,

= 17.27.

, b = 0.95 b = 0.99 ( (1.23)):

I0.95 = (46.41 1.96 × ; 46.41 + 1.96 × (43.03; 49.80),

I0.99 = (46.41 2.58 × ; 46,41 + 2.58 × (41.95; 50.87).

 

 
 

, ( 4.5), (. 4.1, 1 2, ).

 

.4.1. , .

 

, ,

1/(b a) £ £ b,

fx(x) =

0 < a b < x.

 

a b (1.25):

a = min xi = 17; b = max xi = 79.6.

i i

,

0.016 17 £ £ 79.6,

f(x) =

0 <17 >79.6,

 
 


0 <17,

Fx(x) = ( 17)/62.6 17 £ £ 79.6,

1 >79,6.

 

f(x) .4.1. ( 3).

 

c2. r = ks1=1021=7, s=2 : a b. b = 0.01 r = 7 = 18.5. c2 4.6.

 

4.6. c2 X.

N   mi F(ai) F(ai+1) Pi nPi mi nPi (mi -nPi)2
1. 17-20   0.000 0.048 0.048 4.8 3.2 10.24 2.133
2. 20-30   0.048 0.208 0.160 16.0 - 4.0 16.00 1.000
3. 30-35   0.208 0.288 0.080 8.0 2.0 4.00 0.500
4. 35-40   0.288 0.367 0.079 7.9 0.1 0.01 0.013
5. 40-45   0.367 0.447 0.080 8.0 0.0 0.00 0.000
6. 45-50   0.447 0.527 0.080 8.0 5.0 25.00 3.125
7. 50-55   0.527 0.607 0.080 8.0 0.0 0.00 0.000
8. 55-60   0.607 0.687 0.080 8.0 2.0 4.00 0.500
9. 60-70   0.687 0.847 0.160 16.0 - 5.0 25.00 1.563
  70-80   0.847 1.000 0.153 15.3 - 3.3 10.89 0.712
Σ         1.000       9.546

 

, c2 = 9.546. 9.546 < 18.5, .

 

 

Y.

 

 

4.7. Y.

                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   

 

( 4.8) 9 - , ( 4.8).

 

4.8. Y.

N mi zi Pi* fi*
1. 50-100   75.0 0.14 0.0028
2. 100-105   102.0 0.08 0.0160
3. 105-110   107.0 0.10 0.0200
4. 110-115   112.0 0.09 0.0180
5. 115-120   117.0 0.09 0.0180
6. 120-130   125.0 0.16 0.0160
7. 130-140   135.0 0.11 0.0110
8. 140-150   145.0 0.10 0.0100
9. 150-200   175.0 0.13 0.0026

Y ( (1.12), (1.14) (1.15), (1.16) ):

 

= = 0.01 × 12127 = 121.27,

 

= = 0.01 × 12225 = 122.25,

 

= = 592.44,

 

= 24.34,

 

= = 816.86,

 

= 28.58.

 

Y, b = 0.95 b = 0.99 ( (1.23)):

 

I0.95 = (122.25 1.96 × 2.858; 122.25 + 1.96 × 2.858) (116.65; 127.85),

 

I0.95 = (122.25 2.58 × 2.858; 122.25 + 2.58 × 2.058) (114.08; 129.62).

 

, ( 4.8), (. 4.2).


.4.2. , Y.

, , . , Y ( 1)

 

f(y) = ,

 

Fy(y) = 0.5 + F0((y m)/s)

 

F0() [5].

m# = 122.25, - = 816.86 ( = 28.58). m = m# s = s#. ,

 

f(y) = ,

 

Fy(y) = F0 ((y 122.25)/28.58) + 0.5

f(y) .4.2 ( 3).

c2, : r = 9 2 1 = 6. b = 0.01, =16.8. c2 4.9.

 

4.9. c2 Y.

N mi F(ai) F(ai+1) Pi nPi mi nPi (mi nPi)2
1. -¥-100   0.000 0.218 0.218 21.8 -7.8 60.84 2.790
2. 100-105   0.218 0.274 0.056 5.6 2.4 5.76 1.030
3. 105-110   0.274 0.334 0.060 6.0 4.1 16.81 2.850
4. 110-115   0.334 0.401 0.067 6.7 2.3 4.84 0.710
5. 115-120   0.401 0.468 0.067 6.7 2.3 5.29 0.790
6. 120-130   0.468 0.607 0.149 14.9 1.1 1.21 0.081
7. 130-140   0.607 0.732 0.125 12.5 -1.5 2.25 0.180
8. 140-150   0.732 0.834 0.101 10.1 -0.1 0.01 0.001
9. 150-¥   0.834 1.000 0.167 16.7 -3.7 13.69 0.820
Σ         1.000       9.252

, c2 = 9.252. 9.252< 16.8, .

 

X Y . Oxy 100 (.4.3). (1.47):

 

= ,

 

= 46.50, = 121.27, = 16.13 = 24.34. ( (1.48)):

 

r* = .

 

Y X (1.49):

 

y = .

 

Y X (.4.3):

 
 

.4.3. Y X.

 

, b = 0,01 r* = 0,82. (1.51)

 

( 2) b = 0.01 r = 100 2 = 98 . , , H0 = (r = 0) , r* = 0,82 . , , Y.

1.

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