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(Prepositions)
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:
on (, ), in (, ), to (, ), from (), about (), with (), till (), of (, ), at (, , ), by (), for ();
inside (), outside (), upon (), into (), throughout ();
because of (-), instead of (), by means of (), as far as (), by force of ( ), in spite of ( ), in front of (), contrary to ().
.
by , , , .
in , , : in winter, in an hour ( ), in the room, to be in the army.
at, in, on :
at : at half past six, at night, at nine oclock, at Christmas; , , , , : I met him at London bridge;
in , , : in 2006, in summer, in the morning; , , : He lives in England. The delegation will arrive in Moscow on Sunday.;
on , : on Sunday, on August.
by , with : The clouds were driven by the wind.
The coat was cut with the scissors.
:
| - | |||
| - | Nice | Nicer | The nicest |
| Brave | Braver | The bravest | |
| - | Happy | Happier | The happiest |
| Clever | Cleverer | The cleverest | |
| Simple | Simpler | The simplest | |
| -, -ow, | Fat | Fatter | The fattest |
| -er,- le | Easy | Easier | The easiest |
| . ( ) . . -, -ow, -er,- le | Interesting Beautiful Comfortable Tired Serious | More interesting More beautiful More comfortable More tired More serious | The most interesting The most beautiful The most comfortable The most tired The most serious |
| Good | Better | The best |
| Bad | Worse | The worst |
| Many, much | More | The most |
| Little | Less | The least |
| Far | Farther (further) | The farthest (the furthest) |
1
I. a) 5 .
| Nouns | |
| excellence | |
| topic | |
| length | |
| emphasis | |
| degree | |
| term | |
| arts | |
| science | |
| Verbs | |
| account for | |
| present | |
| encourage | , |
| extend | (), () |
| last | |
| Adjectives& Adverbs | |
| major | |
| academic | |
| private | , |
| one-to-one |
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) .
| split | beforehand |
| equal | all in all |
| top | question |
| research | similar |
| in advance | best |
| reserve | study |
| in total | divide |
| matter | occupy |
II. ( ).
| 1. a final 2. a pop-quiz 3. to cram 4. a make-up 5. a killer | an extremely difficult test. to study very hard in a short period of time. a surprise test (for which students are not able to study in advance). a test that can be taken again at a later time. the test which covers everything learned during the term. |
III. :
mixed schools, part-time education, compulsory, to ace a test, to move up to the next form, optional, single-sex schools, obligatory, full-time education, to blow a test, to repeat the year.
IV. . 10, 11 12 .
University Education in Great Britain
1. There are 46 universities in Britain. But not all universities are equal. They differ from one another in history, traditions, academic organizations. Not all British universities are backed by a well-known reputation.
2. Oxford and Cambridge, the oldest universities, are world-known for their academic excellence. The University of London has the size and breadth to rank among the UKs top universities.
3. A university usually consists of colleges. The department of the colleges are organized into faculties. University teaching in the UK differs greatly at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels from that in many other countries.
4. An undergraduate programme consists of a series of lectures, seminars, tutorials and laboratory classes which in total account for about 15 hours per week.
5. Following a particular programme students take series of lectures courses which may last one academic term or the whole year. Associated with each lecture course are seminars, tutorials, laboratory classes which illustrate the topics presented in the lectures.
6. Lectures are given to large groups of students (from 20 to 200). Seminars and tutorials are much smaller than lecture classes and in some departments can be on a one-to-one basis (one member of staff and one student).
7. Students prepare work in advance for seminars and tutorials. And this can take the form of researching a topic for discussion by writing essays or by solving problems.
8. Lectures, seminars and tutorials are all one hour in length, laboratory classes last two or three hours. Much emphasis is put on the private study nature of a UK degree.
9. Each student has a tutor whom he can consult on any matter academic or personal.
10. The academic year is split into three terms. Formal teaching takes place in the first two terms which last for twenty four weeks in total. The third term reserved for classes and examinations lasts for six weeks.
11. Universities teach in all major subject areas: arts, science, law, engineering, medicine, social sciences. University staff are at the foreground of knowledge in their subject. The teaching encourages students to learn in the most effective way.
12. University degree courses extend from three to four years. After three years of study a university graduate will leave with the Degree of Bachelor of Arts or Science. He can continue to take his Masters Degree and then the Doctors.
V. .
1. All British universities have a well-known reputation.
2. The university of London is one of the UKs top universities.
3. In some departments tutorials can be on a one-to-one basis.
4. Both lecture and seminar last for one hour.
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5. British students take examinations in the second term.
VI. .
US education
US higher education
University education in the UK and US
There is no National University in the USA. Each state controls and support at least one University. The National government gives no direct financial aid to these state schools. The students do not go to the University free of charge. Everyone must pay a tuition fee. Though each University offers a number of scholarships many of the students have to work to pay their expenses.
Most of the US Universities have a central campus. Colleges of Law, Business, Medicine, Engineering, Music, Journalism can be found one campus. Thus a student can attend courses at various colleges. The students do not take the same courses. During the first two years they follow a basic programme. It means that every student must select at least one course from each of the basic fields of study: English, science, modern languages, history of physical education.
After the first two years every student majors in one subject and minors in an other. A student can major in history and minor in sociality. In addition to these major and minor courses he can select other subjects according to his professional interest. After completing four years of study the students receive a Bachelor Degree (either B.A. or B.S.), with an additional year of study he may receive a Masters Degree and after two on he receives a Doctorate Degree.
Over four years at the end of each year students have a final written examination. They take oral exams and write a dissertation only for advanced degrees.
VII. .
| 1. Help yourself, please. | A. Well done! I failed. |
| 2. Hurry up, or well miss the classes. | B. Same to you. I hope we both pass. |
| 3. Good luck in your exam! | C. Thanks, but Im really full. |
| 4. I passed! | D. Thats right. What about you? |
| 5. I hear you are going to take a post-graduate course! | E. All right. Lets go for a drink. |
| 6. See you later, after the exam. | F. OK. |
VIII. , .
