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74 (): . / .. . /: , 2016. 294 .
ISBN 978-5-7890-1158-4
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811.11136(075.8)
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/ Contence
| 1. / PRINCIPAL PARTS OF SPEECH | ||
| 1.1. | / Noun | |
| 1.2. | /Article.. | |
| 1.3. | / Adjective.. | |
| 1.4. | / Pronoun. | |
| 1.5. | / Numeral. | |
| 1.6. | / Adverb | |
| 2. /VERB | ||
| 2.1. | . /Morphological structure. Basic forms | |
| 2.2. | / Active voice tenses. | |
| 2.3. | / Passive voice tenses. | |
| 2.4. | / Modal verbs. | |
| 3. / MOOD.. | ||
| 3.1. | . / Types of Mood. Conditional Mood. | |
| 4. / NON-FINITE FORMS OF THE VERBS... | ||
| 4.1. | / Infinitive.. | |
| 4.2. | / Gerund. | |
| 4.3. | / Participle |
1. /
PRINCIPAL PARTS OF SPEECH
1.1. /Noun
The Lexico -Grammatical classification of Nouns
Nouns are words that denote things in the broadest sense of the word:living beings,objects,abstruct notions,places, processes, events,etc. understood as things: John, lion, beauty, street, etc.
Depending on their semantic and grammatical properties nouns fall into Common and Proper ones. They can be countable and uncountable.
There are different groups of common nouns: class nouns, collective nouns, nouns of material and abstract nouns.
1. Class nouns denote persons or things belonging to a class: Car, house, man. They are countable and have two numbers: singular and plural.
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2. Collective nouns denote a number or collection of similar individuals or things as a single unit.
Collective nouns are divided into following groups:
Which are used only in the singular/ furniture, foliage, machinery, etc/
Which are used only in plural / trousers, clothes, stairs, etc./
Which are used in both numbers / family, company, crowd, etc/
3. Nouns of material denote material: iron, gold, paper, tea, water. They are uncountable and are generally used without any article.
Nouns of material are used in the plural to denote different sorts of a given material: wines .
Nouns of material may turn into class nouns (thus becoming countable) when they come to express an individual object of definite shape: But the person in the glass made a face at her, and Miss Moss went out.
4. Abstract nouns denote some quality, state, action or idea: kindness, sadness, fight.
Abstract nouns may be countable / idea, answer, question, etc./, uncountable / knowledge, love, friendship, etc./ and used only in plural / tidings, earnings /
Abstract nouns may change their meaning and become class nouns. This change is marked by the use of the article and of the plural number:
Beauty a beauty beauties
sight a sight sights
She was a beauty but she isn't one of those horrid regular beauties.
Proper nouns are individual, names given to separate persons or things.
Proper nouns are divided into:
personal names (Bill, Anny),
geographical names (The Pacific Ocean, The Neva)
and other proper names such as the names of the months and of the days of the week (February, Monday), names of ships, hotels, clubs, etc. (The Titanic, Piccadilly)
