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( ) [H+] = [OH-] = 10-7 /. , [H+] 10-7 /, [OH-] 10-7 /. , , [H+] 10-7 /, [OH-] 10-7 /.

[H+] [OH-] 3 :

, [H+] [OH-] :

[H+] = [OH-] = 10-7 /

, [H+] [OH-]:

[H+] ≥ [OH-]; [H+] ≥ 10-7 /

, [H+] [OH-]:

[H+] ≤ [OH-]; [H+] ≤ 10-7 /

[H+] [OH-] = 10-14, , .

1. [H+] = 10-2 /. [OH-], ?

:

[OH-] = H2O = 10-14/ 10-2 = 10-12 /; .

[H+]

- , .

4. () :

= - lg[+]

= - lg 10-7 = 7

≤ 7, , . ≥ 7, , .

[+] ( . 31).

. , -. .

5. , , .. .

, , . .

, (1-10; 0-12). - , . .

, pH . pH , pH .

pH - . , 7,4; 1,85; 7,7, 6,0-7,0.

, . - , - . pH .





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