: . , . . 4.4. .
δ U12= = - = IZ = I (Rcosφ + X sinφ), (4.35)
φ ,
R, Z , , ;
R |
S |
l |
Q |
+i |
+1 |
δU 12 |
4.4 |
I |
I |
I |
φ |
ΔU |
1 |
U1 |
U2 |
I = - , ;
U = U2 (), ;
Q ,
, , :
ΔU = U1 - U2 = │ 1 │ ││=1 , (4.36)
1 = │ │= │ │
1 - ,
ΔU ≈ ΔU = I Rcosφ (4.37)
U 2 = U 1 ΔU = U 1 - I (Rcosφ + X sinφ) ≈ U 1 - I Rcosφ (4.38)
[1, 13, 14, 19] , , , ≈ 5÷10%. ( - - ), , , .
. .4
1
2 .
3 .
4 , .
5
6 .
7 , .
8 .
9 .
5 .
() . [13]. , () , . .
|
|
[1, 14]:
1. .
2. .
3. . .
4. , .
5. . , .
6. .