5.1. 2´2. 2´2 :
Q = . (18)
- .
1. . 7 ( , 6) . -.
2 - - - , .
8. (18) . ■
, 8 , . Q = , .
9. (18) . ■
sgn(x):
sgn(x) =
10. (18)
sgn(q 11- q 21) = -sgn(q 22- q 12) (19a)
sgn(q 11- q 12) = -sgn(q 22- q 21). (19b)
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2. . (9) - 2´2:
g (x, y) = x 1 y 1 q 11 + x 1 y 2 q 12 + x 2 y 1 q 21 + x 2 y 2 q 22. (20)
, x 1 + x2 = 1, y 1 + y2 = 1, x = x 1, y = y 1 x y. (20) ( -) :
g (x, y) = mx + n, (21a)
m = (q 11 q 12 q 21+ q 22) y +(q 12 q 22), (22a)
n = (q 21 q 22) y + q 22. (23a)
(20) , , - . (20) , (21a):
g (x, y) = sy + t, (21b)
s = (q 11 q 12 q 21+ q 22) x +(q 21 q 22), (22b)
t = (q 12 q 22) x + q 22. (23b)
q 1 = q 11 q 12 q 21 + q 22, (24)
q 2 = q 22 q 12, (25)
q 3 = q 22 q 21. (26)
11. (18) -.
1) q 1 ≠ 0, q 2 ≠ 0, q 3 ≠ 0; (27)
2) sgn(q 2) = sgn(q 3); (28)
3) 0 < q 2 q 1< 1, 0 < q 3 q 1< 1 ■ (29)
11 8 10. , (29) , q 1 = q 11 q 21+ q 2 = q 11 q 12 + q 3 10.
. . y
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j (y) = { x | () (g A(x', y) ≤ g A(x, y))}. (30a)
, j A(y) x , g A(x, y) y.
Φ A = {(x, y) | y Î[0, 1], x Î j A(y)}. (31a)
Φ A (. . 1.3)
y (21) x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, m ≠ 0 [0, 1] (.. -), m = 0 , g (x, y) x. , Φ A . (22) (23) ,
g (x, 0) = x q 2 + q 22.
j (0) = . (32a)
, (22) (24) (26)
m = q 1 y q 2.
y 0 1. 3- 11 q 1 q 2 . y = y * = q 2 q 1 m = 0, g (x, y *) x , , - j (y *) [0, 1]. , y > y * m -. , j (0) = {0}, j (1) = {1}; j (0) = {1}, j (1) = {0}. ( ) .1.
.1
. x
y B(x) = { y | () (g B(x, y) ≤ g B(x, y ))}. (30b)
, y B(x) y B, g B(x, y) x.
, (31):
Y = {(x, y) | x Î[0, 1], y Î y B(x)}. (31b)
Φ A - Y ( , ). ,
y (0) = (32b)
( (32a) (32b) ).
, x * = q 3 q 1. x = x * s y (21b) 0, y 0 1; s , -, y (x) {0} {1} . .2 , .1.
(28), q 2< 0 , q 3< 0. : q 2< 0, q 3< 0 q 2> 0, q 3> 0. . . 3. (29) , q 1 , q 2 q 3. .3 q 1< 0 q 1> 0.
, x * y * (18), -. , j (y) (. (30a)) y x' j (y)
( x) g (x, y) ≤ g (x', y). (33a)
, (33a) y = y * x' = x *, y = y * x' . (33a) , x
g (x, y *) ≤ g (x *, y *). (34a)
, y B(x) x y' = y (x)
() g (x, y') ≤ g (x, y). (33b)
, (33b) y' = y * x = x *, x = x * y' .
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.2
.3
(33b) , y
g (x *, y *) ≤ g (x *, y). (34b)
(34a) (34b) (12), .. á x *, y *ñ .
8 - 11 ( ), - 2´2 (18). -, 6. , , .
2´2 . x * y * :
x * = q 3 q 1, y * = q 2 q 1,
q 1, q 2 q 3 (18) - (24) - (26). (-
1- ) (. (20)), -
= , = 1- , x * = (, ); (35a)
= , = 1- , y * = (, ). (35b)
(35) , (24) 0? 0 ! q 1, (24), 0 , . ( -) (24) 0 (. 1- 11). 0 .
, - 2´2 (18). -, . , , (35).
7. : Q = . . , (35), q 11 = 6, q 12 = 2, q 21 = 5, q 22 = 8.
= = = ; = = = ;
= 1- = 1 - = ; = 1- = 1 - = ; x * = (, ); y * = (, ) ■
3. (. 7)
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5.2. 2´ n. 2´ n :
Q = . (36)
, (36) - . n = 4 .
8. Q = . - ( ) .
max i min jqij =max{2, 4} = 4; min j max iqij = min{4, 8, 6, 6} = 4.
max i min jqij = min j max iqij = q 21, á2, 1ñ - . 6, : x = (0, 1); y = (1, 0, 0, 0). , q 21 = 4 ■
9. Q = .
max i min jqij = max{3, 4} = 4; min j max iqij = min{6, 8, 6, 6} = 6.
max i min jqij <min j max iqij, .
-- .
A 2 . (x 1, x 2)
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v (x 1, x2) = (q 1 j x 1 + q 2 j x 2), (37)
4- B.
x 2 = 1 - x 1, , x 1 x, (40)
v (x) = {(q 1 j - q 2 j) x + q 2 j }. (38)
, v (x) x; v (x) - .
(q 1 j - q 2 j) x + q 2 j, , (0, q 2 j) (1, q 1 j). .4. , v (x) . - v (x) y = 2 x + 4 y = -3 x + 6, 3- 4- Q (, j - - (0, q 2 j) (1, q 1 j)). v (x) , - D, . , - , , , . - . -, , , -, .
2×2 P, . 3- 4- -, :
P =
(. Q). -, 7. q 11= 6, q 12= 3, q 21= 4, q 22= 6. (35)
.4
= = =0,4; = = =0,6;
= 1- = 1 - 0,4 =0,6; = 1- = 1 -0,6 = 0,4.
, 2×4 A : 1- 2- .
x * = (0,4; 0,6).
B , 4- - . (.. 0) , ( ) . - 3 4. 3- 4- : 0,6 0,4. - B
y * = (0; 0; 0,6; 0,4).
V Q P. 3- 5 (9)
V = 6 + 3 + 4 + 6 = 0,40,66 + 0,40,43 + 0,60,64 + 0,60,46 = 1,44 + 0,48 + 1,44 + 1,44 = 4,8 ■
4. (. 8 9).
01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 |
06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 |
11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 |
36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 |
41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 |
46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 |
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2´ n - , 3. .
10. 2´6: Q = . 1-, 3- 4- - 2-, 5- 2- . - P = , . -: (2, 5, 6). 9 - P. (38) (0, q 2 j) (1, q 1 j) (j = 1, 2, 3). P :
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(0, 2) (1, 5); (0, 4) (1, 1); (0, 3) (1, 3).
.5. v (x), (38), - . , D. - 1- 2- P. R, -, : R = . , 9,
= = =0,33; = = =0,5;
= 1- = 1 - 0,33 =0,67; = 1- = 1 -0,5 = 0,5.
2- 5- Q,
x * = (0,33; 0,67) y * = (0; 0,5; 0; 0; 0,5; 0) ■
.5
5. - 4 (. 10) ■
,
2´2
2´ n
,
,
A
A