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2´2 2´n




5.1. 2´2. 2´2 :

Q = . (18)

- .

1. . 7 ( , 6) . -.

2 - - - , .

8. (18) . ■

, 8 , . Q = , .

9. (18) . ■

sgn(x):

sgn(x) =

10. (18)

sgn(q 11- q 21) = -sgn(q 22- q 12) (19a)

sgn(q 11- q 12) = -sgn(q 22- q 21). (19b)

2. . (9) - 2´2:

g (x, y) = x 1 y 1 q 11 + x 1 y 2 q 12 + x 2 y 1 q 21 + x 2 y 2 q 22. (20)

, x 1 + x2 = 1, y 1 + y2 = 1, x = x 1, y = y 1 x y. (20) ( -) :

g (x, y) = mx + n, (21a)

m = (q 11 q 12 q 21+ q 22) y +(q 12 q 22), (22a)

n = (q 21 q 22) y + q 22. (23a)

(20) , , - . (20) , (21a):

g (x, y) = sy + t, (21b)

s = (q 11 q 12 q 21+ q 22) x +(q 21 q 22), (22b)

t = (q 12 q 22) x + q 22. (23b)

q 1 = q 11 q 12 q 21 + q 22, (24)

q 2 = q 22 q 12, (25)

q 3 = q 22 q 21. (26)

11. (18) -.

1) q 1 ≠ 0, q 2 ≠ 0, q 3 ≠ 0; (27)

2) sgn(q 2) = sgn(q 3); (28)

3) 0 < q 2 q 1< 1, 0 < q 3 q 1< 1 ■ (29)

11 8 10. , (29) , q 1 = q 11 q 21+ q 2 = q 11 q 12 + q 3 10.

. . y

j (y) = { x | () (g A(x', y) ≤ g A(x, y))}. (30a)

, j A(y) x , g A(x, y) y.

Φ A = {(x, y) | y Î[0, 1], x Î j A(y)}. (31a)

Φ A (. . 1.3)

y (21) x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, m ≠ 0 [0, 1] (.. -), m = 0 , g (x, y) x. , Φ A . (22) (23) ,

g (x, 0) = x q 2 + q 22.

j (0) = . (32a)

, (22) (24) (26)

m = q 1 y q 2.

y 0 1. 3- 11 q 1 q 2 . y = y * = q 2 q 1 m = 0, g (x, y *) x , , - j (y *) [0, 1]. , y > y * m -. , j (0) = {0}, j (1) = {1}; j (0) = {1}, j (1) = {0}. ( ) .1.

.1

. x

y B(x) = { y | () (g B(x, y) ≤ g B(x, y ))}. (30b)

, y B(x) y B, g B(x, y) x.

, (31):

Y = {(x, y) | x Î[0, 1], y Î y B(x)}. (31b)

Φ A - Y ( , ). ,

y (0) = (32b)

( (32a) (32b) ).

, x * = q 3 q 1. x = x * s y (21b) 0, y 0 1; s , -, y (x) {0} {1} . .2 , .1.

(28), q 2< 0 , q 3< 0. : q 2< 0, q 3< 0 q 2> 0, q 3> 0. . . 3. (29) , q 1 , q 2 q 3. .3 q 1< 0 q 1> 0.

, x * y * (18), -. , j (y) (. (30a)) y x' j (y)

( x) g (x, y) ≤ g (x', y). (33a)

, (33a) y = y * x' = x *, y = y * x' . (33a) , x

g (x, y *) ≤ g (x *, y *). (34a)

, y B(x) x y' = y (x)

() g (x, y') ≤ g (x, y). (33b)

, (33b) y' = y * x = x *, x = x * y' .

.2

.3

(33b) , y

g (x *, y *) ≤ g (x *, y). (34b)

(34a) (34b) (12), .. á x *, y *ñ .

8 - 11 ( ), - 2´2 (18). -, 6. , , .

2´2 . x * y * :

x * = q 3 q 1, y * = q 2 q 1,

q 1, q 2 q 3 (18) - (24) - (26). (-

1- ) (. (20)), -

= , = 1- , x * = (, ); (35a)

= , = 1- , y * = (, ). (35b)

(35) , (24) 0? 0 ! q 1, (24), 0 , . ( -) (24) 0 (. 1- 11). 0 .

, - 2´2 (18). -, . , , (35).

7. : Q = . . , (35), q 11 = 6, q 12 = 2, q 21 = 5, q 22 = 8.

= = = ; = = = ;

= 1- = 1 - = ; = 1- = 1 - = ; x * = (, ); y * = (, ) ■

3. (. 7)

5.2. 2´ n.n :

Q = . (36)

, (36) - . n = 4 .

8. Q = . - ( ) .

max i min jqij =max{2, 4} = 4; min j max iqij = min{4, 8, 6, 6} = 4.

max i min jqij = min j max iqij = q 21, á2, 1ñ - . 6, : x = (0, 1); y = (1, 0, 0, 0). , q 21 = 4 ■

9. Q = .

max i min jqij = max{3, 4} = 4; min j max iqij = min{6, 8, 6, 6} = 6.

max i min jqij <min j max iqij, .

-- .

A 2 . (x 1, x 2)

v (x 1, x2) = (q 1 j x 1 + q 2 j x 2), (37)

4- B.

x 2 = 1 - x 1, , x 1 x, (40)

v (x) = {(q 1 j - q 2 j) x + q 2 j }. (38)

, v (x) x; v (x) - .

(q 1 j - q 2 j) x + q 2 j, , (0, q 2 j) (1, q 1 j). .4. , v (x) . - v (x) y = 2 x + 4 y = -3 x + 6, 3- 4- Q (, j - - (0, q 2 j) (1, q 1 j)). v (x) , - D, . , - , , , . - . -, , , -, .

2×2 P, . 3- 4- -, :

P =

(. Q). -, 7. q 11= 6, q 12= 3, q 21= 4, q 22= 6. (35)

.4

 

= = =0,4; = = =0,6;

= 1- = 1 - 0,4 =0,6; = 1- = 1 -0,6 = 0,4.

, 2×4 A : 1- 2- .

x * = (0,4; 0,6).

B , 4- - . (.. 0) , ( ) . - 3 4. 3- 4- : 0,6 0,4. - B

y * = (0; 0; 0,6; 0,4).

V Q P. 3- 5 (9)

V = 6 + 3 + 4 + 6 = 0,40,66 + 0,40,43 + 0,60,64 + 0,60,46 = 1,44 + 0,48 + 1,44 + 1,44 = 4,8 ■

4. (. 8 9).

01 02 03 04 05
06 07 08 09 10
11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35
36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45
46 47 48 49 50

n - , 3. .

10. 2´6: Q = . 1-, 3- 4- - 2-, 5- 2- . - P = , . -: (2, 5, 6). 9 - P. (38) (0, q 2 j) (1, q 1 j) (j = 1, 2, 3). P :

(0, 2) (1, 5); (0, 4) (1, 1); (0, 3) (1, 3).

.5. v (x), (38), - . , D. - 1- 2- P. R, -, : R = . , 9,

= = =0,33; = = =0,5;

= 1- = 1 - 0,33 =0,67; = 1- = 1 -0,5 = 0,5.

2- 5- Q,

x * = (0,33; 0,67) y * = (0; 0,5; 0; 0; 0,5; 0) ■

.5

5. - 4 (. 10) ■

 

 

,

2´2

n

,

,

A

A

 

 





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