. ( ) [1,2]:
(1.2)
(1.3)
, . , .
(1.2) (1.3) , .
, [1,2]:
WFi Wi , (1.4)
kT , (1.5)
, (1.6)
Wi = , .
(1.2) (1.3):
. (1.7)
(1.7) , . , . , , , , , .
, = , (1.7) :
. (1.8) (1.8) , - . (. .1.4).
. 1.4. .
. = 300 : - ; - ; - .
. 1.2, . , , :
ND , (1.9)
NA . (1.10)
, = , :
, (1.11)
. (1.12)
, , . , ND (1.9) ( ) . , = 300 , ( ) (1.11) . (!) .
|
|
. 1.5 - . ,
. 1.5. .
( ), (). , .
1- ( ) , ND, . , , . 1- 2- . , 2- 3- . ( ) 2- ( ). 3- . , . 1.3, .
, , 2- .
, ,
+ ND ND,(1.13)
+ NA NA. (1.14)
, . . . . . . , . . . , , .
, . , . , , .
|
|
. . ( ) ( )
= E, (1.15)
= E. (1.16)
. ( ). .
( , ), ,
= = E,(1.17)
= ,(1.18)
- .
(1.17) (1.18)
= + = q + p )E = , (1.19)
q + p ). , (1.19) .
. ni = p i,
= q + ). (1.20)
, nn >> pn pp >> np, . , ND NA ,
q , (1.21)
q . (1.22)
, ( ). , . , , , .
, . , , . , . , ( . ( 2- . 1.5 ) .
. 1.6 ( ). ( ) , , , 3/2 kT. , , . . . , , . . .
|
|
. 1.6. .
[1,2]:
, (1.23)
, (1.24)
. (1.23) (1.24) . , ( ) . , , , .
= , (1.25)
= , (1.26)
(, ) . , = 300 . , .
j = + + . (1.27)