1. , . 1, . 4547, 50, 51, 112116.
2. , . 2, . 134147.
3. , , , , .
4. .-. ʻ ().
ʻ, , , , , , .[**]
( 22), ( 120 ).
() ( VIII), (50 ).
() ≈ 50 ( .-. ).
:
∆ R ;
;
;
, .
1. ∆ R
ΔΡ = f(Q,R), :
( );
∆, , , ;
.
. 3.1 3.2 (. 45, . ., . 1) , Q = 1000 .
Q = 1000 (
), () ( 3.4, . 46).
, :
. (9.1)
∆ = 300, 200, 100, 50, 30, 20 10 , (9.1) R Q.
R () . 3.5 (. 46 . . .1).
. 9.1.
. 9.1 ΔΡ = f(R) 
=120 , 
= 50 
= 50 .
. ΔΡ 0 200 ( : 1 12,5 ). R 0 1000 ( : 1 50 ).
9.1
R ∆
| - ΔΡ, | , | |||||
 =1000*
| =50
|  =1000
| =120
| =50
| ||
| R . 3.1 | R, - (9.1) | R . 3.2 | R, - (9.1) | R (L) . 3.5, . 46 | ||
|
|
|
* 
= 1000 ΔΡ= 300 RT = 170 .
ΔΡ= f(Q,R) . 47 . ., . 1.
