| , | ||
| 3,1-4,4 | - - | |
| 4,4-6,2 | - | |
| 5,0-8,0 | - | |
| 8,2-10,0 | - |
3
()
298
| HNO2 | 4×10-4 | (II) Sn(OH)2 2 | 1,0×1012 |
| lO2 | 6×1013 | (II) g(OH)2 1 2 | 4,0×1012 5,0×1011 |
| Al(OH)3 3 | 1,38×109 | Pb(OH)2 K1 2 | 9,6×10-4 3×108 |
| NH4OH | 1,8×10-5 | H2SeO3 1 2 | 1,3×10-3 3,2×10-9 |
| H3BO3 1 2 3 | 5,8×10-10 1,8×1013 1,6×1014 | H2Se 1 2 | 1,7×10-4 1×10-11 |
| HOBr | 2,1×10-9 | H2SO3 1 2 | 1,6×10-2 6,3×10-8 |
| H2O2 1 | 2,0×10-12 | H2S 1 2 | 6×10-8 1×10-14 |
| (II) - Fe(OH)2 2 | 1,3×104 | H2TeO3 1 2 | 2,7×10-3 1,8×10-8 |
| (III) - Fe(OH)3 2 3 | 1,82×1011 1,35×1012 | H2Te 1 2 | 2,3×10-3 1×10-11 |
| HOI | 2,3×1011 | H2CO3 1 2 | 4,5×10-7 4,7×10-11 |
| Cd(OH)2 2 | 5×103 | CH3COOH | 1,8×10-5 |
. 3
| H2SiO3 1 2 | 2,2×10-10 1,6×10-12 | HOCl 2 | 5×10-8 1,1×1010 |
| Mg(OH)2 1 | 3,0×103 | H3PO4 1 2 3 | 7,1×10-3 6,2×10-8 5×10-13 |
| Mn(OH)2 2 | 5×104 | 33 1 2 | 3,1×102 1,6×107 |
| Cu(OH)2 2 | 3,4×107 | HF | 6,6×10-4 |
| HCOOH | 1,8×10-4 | Zn(OH)2 1 2 | 4,4×105 1,5×109 |
| 3AsO4 1 2 3 | 5,6×103 1,7×107 3,0×1012 | HCN | 6,2×10-10 |
| Ni(OH)2 2 | 2,5×105 | H2C2O4 1 2 | 5,6×10-2 5,4×10-5 |
4
|
|
|
()
298
| AgBr | 6×10-13 | CuS | 6×10-36 |
| AgCl | 1,8×10-10 | Co(OH)2 | 2×10-15 |
| Ag2CO3 | 8,2×10-12 | Fe(OH)2 | 1×10-15 |
| Ag2CrO4 | 4×10-12 | Fe(OH)3 | 3,8×10-38 |
| AgI | 1,1×10-16 | FeCO3 | 2,5×10-11 |
| Ag2S | 6×10-50 | FeS | 5×10-18 |
| Ag2SO4 | 2×10-5 | HgS | 1,6×10-52 |
| AgCN | 7×10-15 | MgS | 2*10-15 |
| AgSCN | 1,1×10-12 | MgCO3 | 1×10-5 |
| BaCO3 | 5×10-9 | MnS | 2,5×10-10 |
| BaC2O4 | 2×10-7 | Mn(OH)2 | 2×10-13 |
| BaCrO4 | 1,6×10-10 | NiS | 2,2×1021 |
| BaSO4 | 1,1×10-10 | NiCO3 | 1,3×10-7 |
| F2 | 1,1×10-6 | Ni(OH)2 | 1×10-15 |
| Bi(OH)3 | 3,2×1032 | PbBr2 | 9,1×10-6 |
| CaCO3 | 5×10-9 | PbCl2 | 2×10-5 |
| CaC2O4 | 2×10-9 | PbCO3 | 7,5×10-14 |
| CaF2 | 4×10-11 | PbCrO4 | 1,8×10-14 |
| CaSO4 | 1,3×10-4 | PbI2 | 8×10-9 |
| (4)2 | 1×1029 | PbS | 1×10-27 |
| Cd(OH)2 | 2×10-14 | PbSO4 | 1,6×10-8 |
| CdS | 7,9×10-27 | Pb(OH)2 | 2×10-16 |
| u(OH)2 | 2,2×10-20 | SnS | 1×10-26 |
| Zn(OH)2 | 1×10-17 | SrCO3 | 1,1×10-10 |
| ZnS | 1,6×10-24 | SrC2O4 | 5,6×10-8 |
| CuC2O4 | 2,5×10-22 | SrSO4 | 3,2×10-7 |
5
0 298
| 0, | ||
| Li+|Li | Li+ + e ó Li | 3,045 |
| K+|K | K+ + e ó K | 2,925 |
| Ba2+|Ba | Ba2+ + 2 e ó Ba | 2,906 |
| Ca2+|Ca | Ca2+ + 2 e ó Ca | 2,866 |
| Na+|Na | Na+ + e ó Na | 2,714 |
| La3+|La | La3+ + 3 e ó La | 2,522 |
| Mg2+|Mg | Mg2+ + 2 e ó Mg | 2,363 |
| Be2+|Be | Be2+ + 2 e ó Be | 1,847 |
| Al3+|Al | Al3+ + 3 e ó Al | 1,662 |
| Ti2+|Ti | Ti2+ + 2 e ó Ti | 1,628 |
| V2+|V | V2+ +2 e ó V | 1,186 |
| Mn2+|Mn | Mn2+ + 2 e ó Mn | 1,180 |
| Cr2+|Cr | Cr2+ + 2 e ó Cr | 0,913 |
| Zn2+|Zn | Zn2+ + 2 e ó Zn | 0,763 |
| Cr3+|Cr | Cr3+ + 3 e ó Cr | 0,744 |
| Ga3+|Ga | Ga3+ + 3 e ó Ga | 0,529 |
| Fe2+|Fe | Fe2+ + 2 e ó Fe | 0,44 |
| Cd2+|Cd | Cd2+ + 2 e ó Cd | 0,403 |
| In3+|In | In3+ + 3 e ó In | 0,34 |
| Tl+|Tl | Tl+ + e ó Tl | 0,336 |
| Co2+|Co | Co2+ + 2 e ó Co | 0,277 |
| Ni2+|Ni | Ni2+ + 2 e ó Ni | 0,25 |
| Mo3+|Mo | Mo3+ +3 e ó Mo | 0,2 |
| Sn2+|Sn | Sn2+ + 2 e ó Sn | 0,136 |
. 5
| 0, | ||
| Pb2+|Pb | Pb2+ + 2 e ó Pb | 0,126 |
| Fe3+|Fe | Fe3+ + 3 e ó Fe | 0,036 |
| Pt|H+|H2 | 2H+ + 2 e ó H2 | 0,00 |
| Bi3+|Bi | Bi3+ + 3 e ó Bi | +0,215 |
| Cu2+|Cu | Cu2+ + 2 e ó Cu | +0,337 |
| Cu+|Cu | Cu+ + e ó Cu | +0,521 |
| Hg22+|Hg | Hg22+ + 2 e ó Hg | +0,792 |
| Ag+|Ag | Ag+ + e ó Ag | +0,8 |
| Os2+|Os | Os2+ + 2 e ó Os | +0,85 |
| Hg2+|Hg | Hg2+ + 2 e ó Hg | +0,854 |
| Pd2+|Pd | Pd2+ + 2 e ó Pd | +0,987 |
| Pt2+|Pt | Pt2+ + 2 e ó Pt | +1,200 |
| Au3+|Au | Au3+ + 3 e ó Au | +1,498 |
| Au+|Au | Au+ + e ó Au | +1,691 |
|
|
|
1. .. . .: , 1998, 2002.
2. .., .., .., .. : . .: - . .. , 2004.
3. / . .. . .: , 2004.
4. .. . . .: - , 2001.
5. .., .. . : , 2002.
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