, (I) .
(I) -:
I = αc, (32)
α , ( , , , ..);- , ; , %.
, , . . I. , , , , . . , , . , , . ().
:
(33)
lgI = lga + lgc. lgI .
(33) . , .
. , 10% . .
(), ., Sn () λSn = 276,11 Pb λPb = 280,2 (1), λPb = 282,32 (2) λPb= 287,32 (3). , Pb =0,1%, = , Pb = 0,6%, = , Pb = 0,1%, = .
, . 6 7 2 3 ., 10-2 10-1%, 20%. ,, .
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. (I), , (S). :
S = γlgI
γ . : ; ; . . . 3- , (S) ( ) ∆S lg.
(, ..) , .
:
1) ;
2) , ;
3) , , .
. 3- . .
, .. ( ). , .
- , . .
, . 40 . .