, , . . , :
- 4 : 00, 01, 10, 11 (22);
8 : 000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110, 111 (23);
16 24;
32 25;
256 (28) . .
, : N=2m, m .
(28) (1 byte = 8 bit).
: 0- 7-.
:
000000002=0*27+0*26+0*25+0*24+0*23+0*22+0*21+0*20 =010
, 255 :
111111112=1*27+1*26+1*25+1*24+1*23+1*22+1*21+1*20=128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1=25510
( ).
( - 2) , . , , .
: 13: 2 = 6 + 1
6: 2 = 3 + 0
3: 2 = 1 + 1
1: 2 = 0 + 1
: 1310 = 11012 =23+1*22+0*21+1*20 = 1310
, , h (hexadecimal). .
(24) 16 .
0 9 :
0000 0; 0001 1; 0010 2; 0011 3; 1000 8; 1001 9;
( ) :
1010 (10); 1011 B (11); 1100 C (12);
1101 D (13); 1110 E (14); 1111 F (15).
, :
A3h = 1010 00112 = 10*161 + 3*160 =16310
: 1*27+1*25+1*21+1*20 = 128 + 32 + 2 + 1 = 160 + 3 = 16310
: FAh = 1111 10102 = 15*161+10*160 = 25010
: 27+26+25+24+23+21 = 128+64+32+16+8+2 = 25010
( ) (16) :
250: 16 = 15 + 10 ( - 160 * );
15: 16 = 0 + 15 ( - 161 * F).
: FAh = 15*161+10*160=25010
.
. . ( ) , . , , . ( ).
|
|
0,655110 :
0,6551*2 = 1,3102 1
0,3102*2 = 0,6204 0
0,6204*2 = 1,2408 1
0,2408*2 = 0,4816 0
: 0,665110 = 0,10108
0,6551 :
0,6551*16 = 10,4816 A
0,4816*16 = 7,7056 7
0,7056*16 = 11,2896 B
0,2896*16 = 4,6336 4
: 0,655110 = 0,A7B4h
, , .
( ).
.
, :
- , , , () , "0", ;
- , , , , "1". () , "1".
. −5, , . −5, :
, :
:
:
1011, , , :
, , , :
, "0" -5:
: , .
0101 + 1011 = 1 0000 ( ).
:
(1 ) | ||
-0 | -------- | |
-1 | ||
-2 | ||
-3 | ||
-4 | ||
-5 | ||
-6 | ||
-7 | ||
-8 | ||
-9 | ||
-10 | ||
-11 | ||
-127 | ||
-128 | -------- |