.


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-




- . ,

.

, Rx , . 2.1, . DR, .

) )

. 5.1.

-

, . 5.1,

,

.5.1, ,

. , , . 2.1, ,

, ,

. 5.1, .

Zx -

f (. 5.2). :

Zx =UV / I A,

UV, IA .

 

, ,

, . 5.2, ,

Zx << ZV, . 5.2, Zx >> ZV.

-

, . 2.3.

XC =1/wCx =UC / I,

Cx = I /wUC,

w = 2pf, f ; UC ,

.

, f. -

, . 2.3, ; -

. 2.3, .

. 2.2.

43

- ( ),

. 2.4.

U1 V1.

V2 0, :

U2 = I / wC0.

I

I =U1 /(1/ wCx +1/ wC0),

Cx = C0U2 /(U1 -U2).

0 >> , x:

Cx = C0U2 /U1.

.

) )

. 2.3. -

. 2.4.

44

-

, RL

XL (. 2.5, , ).

I =UL /wL,

L =UL / wI.

,

.

- 0,5... 10%

, -

. -

.

. -

. -

(. 2.6, )

(. 2.6, ) .

) )

. 2.5.

45

) )

. 2.6.

. , ,

R R R

U

I

x + A +

=,

RA ; Rp .

RA, Rp U -

a Rx, .. -

.

, (. 2.6).

, .. ,

Rx = ¥ Rx = 0

. ( Rx= ¥)

. ,

Rx = ¥. ,

, .. Rx = 0,

,

, Rp

. ,

, Rx. , ( -

46

), Rx

.

,

-

,

I =U /[R + RARx /(RA + Rx)]. (2.1)

,

R , (5..1) .

, Rx = 0

R = ¥ I Rp.

, -

Rx = ¥. . 2.6, .

, . 2.5, , ,

,

(, ). 2,5.

2.2.3.

:

.

. 2.7, .

,

R Rx ,

U. .

U Rx.

, -

. K -

R >> R,

Rx = (KU /U -1)R.

, Rx > R.

47

) )

. 2.7.

(Rx < R)

, . 2.7, .

Rx = R /(KU /U -1).

,

104... 102 1,5... 2,0%.

( 1018 ) .

(. 2.8).

, . 2.8, , Rx

Rx = RU /U,

U - ; R -

.

) )

. 2.8.

U R U -

Rx , ,

.

, .

Rx R, (. 2.8, ), ( ).

Rx = RU /U.

10%.

2.2.4.

, -

,

. (,

, )

, . , , .

, - ,

.

. (. 2.9) , .

R1, R2, R3 R4 ,

-

. , , . ab

. cd, , -

.

. .

. 2.9.

49

I , R U

()

[ ()() () ()].

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 3 4 1 2

1 3 2 4

R R R R R R R R R R R R R

U R R R R

I

+ + + + + +

= - (2.2)

: .

,

d , , , -

.

(2.2) , I = 0

R1R3 - R2R4 = 0. (2.3)

(2.3)

: ,

,

.

(, R4) , R1, R2 R3,

2

1

4 3 R

R

R = R.

R1/R2 R3, ,

, .

, ,

(

,

). -

, , , .

-

, ,

.

1 .

106... 108 .

-

.

50

, . (, ..). ,

R = R DR, ,

Rx = R, DR

a (

).

,

, .

, ,

,

.

2.2.5.

, ,

-

, .

.

, , , .

-

. 2.10.

, .

Z&i = Ri + jXi.

(2.3)

:

Z&1Z&3 = Z&2Z&4.

:

1 2 3 4,

1 2 3 4

Z e jj Z e jj = Z e jj Z e jj (2.4)

51

Zi, ; j .

(2.4) -

:



 

j + j = j + j

=

.

;

1 3 2 4

Z1Z3 Z2Z4

(2.5)

,

. ,

, ,

.

(2.5) ,

, .

, , (j = 0),

,

.

, . 2.10, .

R1 / wC = R2 /wCx,

,

Cx = (R2 / R1).

. 2.9, . . , (RL = 0),

wLx / wC = R2R4,

Lx = R2R4C.

, , . -

, , -

52

) )

. 2.10.

, ,

. , ,

, .

0,1 5,0.

100 1000 .

.

2.2.6.

, ( ).

, ,

. ,

. ,

. (. . 2.11) -

(), ,

L RL .

V1 V2.

.

53

. 2.11.

,

Q ,

U1. Q

Q = 1/ wCRL (2.6)

Q = wL / RL. (2.7)

: , Lx , L f .

V2 . (2.6) (2.7),

1/ ,

L 2C x = w

.

L

Lo6p .

L -

.

f = 1/(2p LC1). (2.8)

, ,

, ,

. ( -

) ,

1/ 2 (). f = p L C2 + x (2.9)

(2.8) (2.9),

Cx = C1 - 2.

U1 , , V2 . .

, () . - , .

, - , . , +-10% 25, 50, 60, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 430, 500, 800, 1000, 1500 2400 , 36, 110, 115, 127, 220 380 .

( 5 ) , , , , ; 1 . , , . , - . ( 50 ) , . ( 100 ) .

, , , , . , - .

10-11; , 10 0,0001 . , , - . , , 10-6, . , (100 200 , 2,5; 5; 10 15 ), , .

5-10%, - 0,1-1%, .





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