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void

 

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f1

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f2

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short int a=1;

const char c='c';

char s, sf='f'; // sf

int t(54);

float d=0.22, x(3), sum;

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int a; // 1

int main () {

int b; // 2

extern int x; // 3

static int c; // 4

a=1; // 5

int a; // 6

a=2; // 7

return 0;

}

int x=4; // 8

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...

int x = 3, y = 3;

printf (" : % d \ n", ++ x);

printf (" : % d \ n", y ++);

...

:

: 4

: 3

sizeof :

sizeof

sizeof ()

sizeof (float) 4 ( float).

sizeof ( + 0.1) 8 ( float) − , double, . . 6 .

. (+=, -= ..) :

...

int a = 3, b = 5, c =4;

c = b + c;

a += b; // a = a + b

...

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_1? _2: _3

(, , false, − true). 1 true, 2, − 3. if.

int a = 11, b = 4, max;

max = (b > a)? b: a;

printf (" : % d", max);

 

:

: 11

 

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(a + 0.12) / 6

x && y ||! z

(t + sin (x) - 1.5e4) / (2*k + 2)

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a = b = c; // a = (b = c)

a + b + c; // (a + b) + c

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int a = 2, b =5;

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# include <stdio.h>

int main () {

int i;

printf (" \n");

scanf ("%d", & i);

printf (" %d", i);

return 0;

}

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# include <iostream.h>

int main () {

int i;

cout << " \n";

cin >> i;

cout << " " << i;

return 0;

}

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if (a < 0) b = 1;

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if (a < b && a > d) b ++; else {b = a; a =0;}

 

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If (0<x && x<1)...;

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switch

switch () . :

switch () {

case __1: [__1]

case __2: [__2]

 

...

case __N: [__N]

[default: ]

}

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# include <iostream.h>

int main () {

char op;

cout << " "; cin >>op;

switch (op) {

case '0': cout << " 0"; break;

case '1': cout << " 1"; break;

// switch

case '9': cout << " 9"; break;

default: cout << " ";

}

return 0;

}

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:

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float *b, *c, *d;

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int i; //

const int ci; //

int *pi; //

const int *pci; //

int *const cp=&i; // -

const int *const cpc=&ci; // -

. − , . , , . − .

, .. .

:

1. :

int a = 5;

int *p = &a;

int *p1(&a); // ,

int *r = p;

2. :

char *vp = (char*)0xD8000000;

0xD8000000 − ; (char*) − : " char".

3. :

int *s = 0;

int *p = NULL;

NULL − -, 0.

4. :

int *n = new int;

int *m = new int (10); //

int *u = (int*) malloc (sizeof (int)); //

, new, delete, , malloc, − free. - .

delete n;

delete m;

free (u);

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char a;

char *p = new char;

*p = 'A'; a = *p;

unsigned long int A = 147483647;

unsigned short int *pi = (unsigned short int*)&A;

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int kol;

int & pal = kol; // pal − kol

const char & cr = '\n'; //

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float a[10];

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int b[5] = {3, 2, 1} // b[3] b[4]

:

const int n = 10;

int marks[n]={4, 4, 5, 3, 4};

 

new, , :

int n = 100;

float *p = new float [n];

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p[5] *(p+5).

− malloc :

int n =100;

float *q = (float*)malloc(n*sizeof(float));

, new [ ], delete [ ], , malloc, − free:

delete [ ] p;

free (q);

: , , .

, − .

sizeof (). , , , :

short int *p = new short [5];

p++; // p 2 ()

long *q = new long [5];

q++; // q 4 ()

(*p)++ , .

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*p++ = 10;

, , . , , p, 10, , . :

*p = 10; p ++;

1. , 10 .

2. , ( ).

3. , ( ).

 

, :

int matr [6] [8];

6 8 . . : matr [i] [j] *(matr[i] + j)

*(*matr + i) +j).

 

!!! .

 

, , ():

int mass1 [3] [2] = {{1, 1}, {0, 1}, {1, 0}};

int mass2 [3] [2] = {1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1};

new ( ), :

int nstr = 5;

int **m = (int**) new int [nstr] [10];

, :

int nstr, nstb;

cout << " ";

cin >> nstr >> nstb;

int **a = new int *[nstr];

for (int i = 0; i < nstr; i + +)

a[i] = new int [nstb];

...

, A[4, 5].

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char str[10] = "";

// 10 0 9

, :

char str[ ] = "";

char *str = "";

, , .

:

har *str [10];

.

(. " " ++. 2).

++ string, , , (. "" ++. 4).

!!! cin , . :

char str [100];

cin >> str;

" " str "". (.. '\n') get getline (. " ").

. , :

# include <stdio.h>

# include <string.h> //

int main () {

char s[5], passw[ ] = "bond";

printf (" : \n");

gets(s); //

if (strcmp(s, passw) = = 0) printf ("\n \n");

// strcmp() −

else printf ("\n \n");

return 0;

}

, , (. . , ). (, a , ).

,

 

, , . , , . ++ .

typedef:

typedef _ [];

typedef unsigned int UINT;

typedef char Msg [100];

, :

UINT i, j;

Msg str [10];

 

 

. , . :

enum [_] { };

, .

enum digit {one = 1, two = 2, three = 3};

enum Err {ERR_READ, ERR_WRITE, ERR_CONVERT};

Err error;

digit dig;

ERR_READ, ERR_WRITE, ERR_CONVERT () 0, 1, 2 .

.

:

struct [_] {

_1 _1;

_2 _2;

_n _n;

} [ ];

, .

. , .

struct {

char fio [30];

int date, code;

double salary;

} stuff [100], *ps; //

struct Worker {

char fio [30];

int date, code;

double salary;

}; // Worker

Worker staff [100], *ps; // Worker

:

struct {

char fio [30];

int date, code;

double salary;

} worker = {"", 31, 215, 3400.50};

.

. .

. () -> :

Worker staff [100], worker;

strcpy(worker.fio,Ivanov); //

// C (<string.h>)

stuff[1].code = 215;

Worker *ps = new Worker; // Worker

ps ->salary = 1200.12; // (*ps).salary = 1200.12;

, ( ):

(, , ) .


 

 

1. .. / C++. / .. . , 2002.

2. .. / C++. : / .., .. . , 2002.

3. .. / C++. - : / .., ... , 2002.

4. .. ++ Builder./ ... , 2004.


. 3

.. 4

. 4

.. 4

() . 4

. 5

.. 6

. 7

.. 7

. 8

void. 9

.. 9

.. 11

. 11

. 13

. 15

. 17

-.. 18

- .. 18

. 19

. 19

++. 20

.. 21

"". 21

if 21

switch. 22

. 24

. 24

for 24

. 25

. 25

break. 26

continue. 26

return. 26

.. 26

. 28

. 29

. 30

.. 31

.. 31

.. 31

.. 33

. 37

. 37

.. 38

.. 41

 


 

 

++



<== | ==>
- . |
:


: 2016-10-06; !; : 317 |


:

:

, , .
==> ...

1699 - | 1604 -


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