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PRE-UNIT
The A B C
A a[ eI ] B b[ bI: ] C c[ sI: ] D d[ dI: ] E e[ I: ] F f[ ef ] G g[ GI: ] H h[ eIC ] I i[ QI ] J j[ GeI ] K k[ keI ] L l [ el ] M m [ em ] | N n[en] O o[ Oυ ] P p [ pI: ] Q q [ kjυ: ] R r [ Q: ] S s [ es ] T t[ tI: ] U u[ jυ: ] V v [ VI: ] W w [ 'dAbl 'jυ: ] X x[ eks ] Y y[ ωQI ] Z z[ zed ] |
+ r | + r + | |||
[ x ] bag | [ eI ] may, make | A a | [ Q: ] car | [ eq ] care |
[ e ] pen | [ I: ] bee, Pete | E e | [ q: ] her | [ Iq ] here |
[ O ] not | [ Oυ ] no, rose | O o | [ O: ] north | [ O: ] more |
[ A ] but | [ jυ: ] due, cube | U u | [ q: ] turn | [ jυq ] cure |
[ I ] little, gym | [ QI ] time, cry | I, Y | [ q: ] bird, myrtle | [ QIq ] wire, tyre |
UNIT 1
1. [ eI ] A a- [ x ] | blame, fame, vale, blade, tape, lane, make, pale, sake, ale, hate sat, lamp, bad, fan, pan, lad, sand, van | ||||
2. [ I: ] E e- [ e ] | eve, me, mete, Pete, bee net, lend, pen, spent, bent, left, let, bed, men, ten, best, rest, step | ||||
3. [ Oυ ] O o- [ O ] | so, no, stone, sole, zone, dome, nose, slope, rose, go lot, stop, not, on, off, spot, odd, slot, doll, dot, soft | ||||
4. [ s ] e, i, y C c- [ k ] a, o, u; | c e ntre, spac e, 'sentenc e, c e nt c a n, c a se, c o r'rect, c o ne, c at | ||||
5. [G] e, i, y G g - [g ] | But: g e t [ gt ], g i ve [ gIV ], g ir l [ gq:l ] g a le, g o d, grim, 'g o ssip, glad, g a s, g o t pag e, g y m, 'g y psy, 'g e ntle | ||||
1 ) tram bag pan tramp pram mass grand ram drag lass | b) date late plate state skate | fate made trade wade safe | |||
c) graze braze craze maze mane dame ale sale make ape tape plate ace cape crape late tale trade save sale same | d) pan pane flat late can cane bat bate Sam same hat hate tram tame glad glade man mane mat mate rat rate lamp lane tap tape fat flake | ||||
Test yourself: blame, pale, mate, fate, make, fame, lamp, stamp, lake, bad, late, plan, ale, date, vale, bat, nave, tape, pan, fan, blade, lane, cake, brake, wake, flake, cape, Sam, tram, can, bake, tack, glad, hat, maze, grace, trace, skate, sad, bag, Ann, game, sat, lamp.
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2 a) trek pen Nell b) met mete fence Eve
stress press leg pet Pete mend Mede
mess left keg bed be met - mete
hem dress peg bell grebe zed zebu
lest stem egg wed Swede melt bede
beg spell desk cent grebe
c) pen pan men man ten tan | bed bad leg lag beg bag | end and lend land deb damp | met mat bed bat fet fat |
d) bat bet bade ass mess mace man men mane
bad bed bade dam den dam cab ken cane
flat let late pan pen pane lamp led lane
3 a) home Rome prone strove spoke coke
bone cone tone prone broke stoke
no stone robe rope dome nose
strove grove probe grope home rose
code vote lode note tone close
smoke woke lobe lope pole vote
b) trod pond prod prop smog
moss grog loss drop dot
lost stop bog spot loss
c) boss broke cross loss hop hope blob lobe
not note stoke coke mop mope nod node
mock smoke rod rode cod code pop pope
d) Oh, no! Go home alone! Dont go slow. Dont go slowly, Joe. Dont go slowly, Joe, there is no snow. Dont go slowly, Joe, theres no snow on the road.
4 a) can act correct camp clap
cat fact cost club crop
b) cent space trace cist place
ace nice ice cell pencil
face price 'pencil cyst
c) cist cyst cab cad cam since fence
cell Celt can camp cap mince pence
cell cent cob cod con since mince
clog crop cop fence pence
cum scum cut hence trace
5 a) gem gym b) gap gas gad
gest gist got god gob
gig gyp golf glad grab
gin gim grog gloss goblin
age rage
page strange
gentle range c) bad lag hag brag crag
'gypsy [ 'GIpsI ] beg leg keg clog peg
big pig brig Greg big
bog log hog fog flog
Test yourself: 'sentence, gym, 'gypsy, gig, range, cent, cor'rect, snow, mince, bade, scene, rage, since, 'local, cell, smoke, code, probe, centre, glad, spent, lend, cape, mete, desk, late, hate, cane, bed, camp, ice, price, page, age, crag, beg, 'traffic, hence, face, land, lace, table, hand, place, stop, Rome, close, test, rode, can, drive, cake, tent, page, state, pole, tip, brake, code, lake, damp, tell, came, stand, trace, side, nice.
UNIT 2
6.Y y - [ j ] | yes, yet, yell, yelp, yoke |
7. [ QI ] I, Y- [ I ] | by, dye, my, tie, size, mine, fine, dive, style, pine, like, time, tyke, bye, dyke, type, life if, nip, tip, fit, tin, kid, tint, is, did, 'system |
8. [ jυ: ] U u-[ υ: ] r, l, j [ A ] | cube, rule, mule, use, Hume, rude, brume, June, junior nut, but, cut, bus, sum, hug, luck, brush But:busy [ bIzI ] |
9.ck - [ k ] | lick, lack, stick, nick, black, sack, deck, pack, clock, stuck |
6 a) yes yet bell yell
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you yoke elm yelp
yam yak end yes
7 a) it did nip nib trip big
bit bid rip rib strip pin
it lid strip trim miss print
kit kid pin bin him grip
prim brim prill brill list still
b) by style tyke fly sly
my dyke type fry pry
cry syce Tyke my dry
c) file tile mile pile rid ride tie die
fine dine lime crime grid bride bye dye
pipe ripe gripe stripe scrip scribe lie pie
ride side bride pride mince mine lye rye
drive wife strive wife wince wine
8 a) use fuse cute brume Rome mule mole
mute fume Hume rule role Hume home
muse cube tube prune prone fume bone
huge mule due tune tone huge cola
b) ruse Bruce plume flute price spruce
rune prune flute fluke rise ruse
Hume brume fluke plume scribe cube
prude brute fly flute rice truce
rude crude ply plume 'useful re'fuse
due huge fly rude pro'duce oppor'tunity
dry dune
c) cub cube tub tube fuss fuse huge cute
us use hug huge tune truce tune mule
cut cute luck Luke dune spruce rug glue
rud rude nut true suck stuck duck duke
run rune rut dug struck cut brush Brume
plum plume bus blue sum mule luck fluke
rub rule rub rude 'under use dull duke
d) dis'cuss, 'customer, pro'duction, 'study, 'under, 'uncle, 'unit, un'less, un'like, un'til, up, up'set, up-to-day
a) pack stack slack Nick stick click deck neck reck duck stuck struck lock clock block | b) click fleck clock cluck clack dick deck dock duck back sick neck sock suck sack lick lock luck lack luke |
Test yourself: by, dye, my, tie, size, but, if, nip, tip, system, fit, mine, gum, fine, dive, tin, style, pine, fun, tug, life, side, lift, sin, pipe, tide, kid, like, time, up, tint, tyke, bye, dyke, yelp, dike, is, did, nine, type, life, hug, slip, bug, dip, lid, mill, kill, like, file, smile, try, glade, glide, globe, dame, dime, dome, plug, grape, ripe, rope, stale, style, stole, huge, raze, rise, yoke, rose, tape, type, cup, trope, bug, lug, nut, cock, left, page, cross, deck, run, plus, big, tube, study, sum, tube, cone, dress, me, sunny, luck, rule, dry.
UNIT 3
10. [ υ: ] m, l, n oo- [ υ ] | fool, spoon, soon, tool, pool, too, zoo look, took, hook, good, brook, book, foot |
11. j dge- [ G ] | just, June, jet, Jeff, Jam, Jack, jazz, jig badge, lodge, bridge |
12. sh- [ S] | she, shall, shop, ship, shape, fish, dish, fresh, ship |
13. ch . - [ C ] tch | chest, check, inch, lynch, chap, chill, such, match, latch, ditch, catch, snatch, hatch, crutch, chop, chess, match |
10 a) bug book b) good hook
hug hook stood took
tug took foot book
nut nook wood look
lug look cook wool
c) loo too zoo woo d) poodle
loom toon zoom swoon noodle
loop stoop swoop toodle
sloop coop troop snoop tat'too sa'loon
hoot loot root moot bal'loon ba'boon
11 a) gap jab gut jut got jot jib gin
gust just gum jam gog jog jest gest
gag Jack gosh Josh god Jo just gist jam gem jin gin
b) jest yes jazz yam
jet yet Jack yak
jam yam Jam yell
c) dog dodge leg fledge bad badge
log lodge hog hedge odd dodge
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bag badge brig bridge bud budge
plug plunge egg edge fled fledge
fringe hinge lunge plunge led ledge
12 a) shop shot b) ash dash rash cash
shell shelf mesh dish fresh fish
shall sham smash splash crash trash
shock shod rush hush flush crush
chat shunt shut shim shrill shrimp
13 a) chess chest check b) hatch latch match much
chap chat champ fetch drench crutch snatch
chin chill chip itch hitch pitch rich scratch
chop chuck chat
c) chip ship cash catch d) back batch badge
chop shop crush Dutch block blotch lodge
crutch grudge etch edge deck etch edge
fetch fledge inch fringe luck lunch plunge
blotch lodge check change lick lynch hinge
[ 'CeInG ]
e) Madge age
badge page
cadge cage
cadge sage
Test yourself: fledge, luck, fetch, chip, itch, match, badge, yell, root, smash, wood, bug, sa'loon, bridge, June, joke, huge, gulf, yoke, good, took, inch, such, jazz, hook, zoo, stood, catch, fresh, bridge, fledge, crash, chat, crush, wool, jump, loop, jest, moon, fresh, hatch, check, shape, noodle, go, block, shelf, judge, shine, kitchen, cage, loose, jungle, shell, ditch, spoon, shape, gum, chest, fridge, soot, June, pitch, trash, shall, chuck, jet, food, shock, cool, sock, log, swoon, jab, loom.
UNIT 4
14.ee - [ I: ] ea | see, meat, feet, need, lead, sleep, deed, sea, feed, fleet, zeal, east, keep, feel, pea, deal, leaf, mean |
15. ai - [ eI ] ay | pain, vain, mail, day, lain, may, pay, say, clay, aim, fail, sail, bay, lay, claim, plain |
16.e, i, y-[ I ] | 'stud y, 'nois y, 'lobb y, 'pon y, 'sorr y, 'lorr y, 'dut y, b e 'gin, d i 'vide |
17. [ T ] th- [ D ] | theme, thick, thin, depth, tenth, fifth they, these, then, with, them, those, thus, this, that, father |
18. o . . a - [ q] u | 'sof a, 'comm a, 'husb a nd, p a 'rade a 'gain, a 'go, t o 'day, u p'on |
14 a) fee tree keep been seen
feel green speech keen green
sheet sheep feed need sleeve
freeze meet see sweep feet
bee see need deep sleep
b) fee feel c) eat meat mete meat meet
glee green tea sea seam seem weak
lee sleep pea beam scene scream screen
bee been heat neat eat pea clean
see seen tree meat sea seat cheap
deep keen east deal deal each seat
d) week weak e) weal, veal, teen, weed, real, deed, treat,
see sea weald, wheel, beach, Greek, peak,
meet meat sneeze, sheep, sweep, seal, reap
speech speak
reed read
seem seam
screen scream
f) lead lid bean bin g) feel fill green grin
leap lip eat it beet bit heed hid
least list reach rich week wick sleet slit
meal mill seat sit cheek chick been bit
peach pitch heat hit sleep slip fleet fit
beat bit peak pick seek sick sweet wit
each itch read rid deed did feel fit
Read: The art of Biography
Is different from Geography.
Geography is about maps,
Biography is about chaps.
15 say sail stay stain main
day drain tray tail train
pay pail play plain gait
way wail may Spain lay
16 a) 'baby 'sorry b) 'carry 'tarry 'merry 'Perry
'lady 'lorry 'marry 'parry 'cherry 'sherry
'very 'crazy 'sorry 'sherry fatty jolly
'lobby 'finally 'ferry 'cherry dandy fancy
'berry happy
c) em'bed d) 'marry e) in'scribe
re'cede 'very in'blame
de'stroy 'baby dis'close
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re'ply 'lady dis'cover
de'fy 'story dis'cuss
de'ny 'vary 'public
f) Be'gin to read.
Ex'plain it.
Re'peat it, please.
Re'peat it again.
'Try it again. The rain in Spain is mainly in the plain.
17 a) thin thick theft thrift b) with
width thump throb thin thus
thrill thrum thrill thud them
myth depth smith thug this
math tenth thug thrust that
thump theft depth myth then
kith filth smith cloth than
c) this myth that math with filth
this pith that depth with smith
this throb that thrill with thrill
d) sick thick zip this
sin thin zed then
silk thrill Zen then
mat math dad that
tilt filth dust thus
kit kith disk this
tent tenth den then
18 a) a'gain 'comma up'on a'gree suc'cess
a'go 'sofa un'less pro'pose 'algebra
to'day a'bout sug'gest o'pinion 'binary
a'gainst sa'lute un'like con'trol 'capital
b) a 'book, a 'house, a 'boy, a 'pen, a 'song, an 'end, a man, a dog, a club
Test yourself: zoom, ago, nurse, jest, ba'boon, 'traffic, foot, prize, ad'dress, 'comma, 'public, June, tease, u'pon, jest, thrum, thug, 'hurry, crush, with, de'ny, pith, de'fy, breath, em'bed, past, flask, di'rect, breathe, re'cede, math, thrill, thus, in'flame, vast, 'marry, mess, chum, 'family, agree, theme, thick, happy, width, length, them, student, myth, story, rep'ly, gain, then, sixth, with, com'pose, bath, bathe.
UNIT 5
19. [ ks ] x- [ gz ] | next, text, sex, vex, box, ex'cept, ex'pect, 'excellent, tax e'xam, e'xist, ex'ample, e'xact, e'xhibit |
20. oi -[ OI ] oy | oil, point, boy, soil, noise, toy, coin, voice |
21. kn-[ n ] | knee, knife, knock, knew, knell |
22. ng- [ N ] nk-[ Nk ] But: [ Ng ] 'single, 'finger, 'singular | English, ring, thing, bring, ink bank, wing, wrong, hang, rang, drink, length, strength, think |
23. qu- [ kω ] | quick, quiz, quite, quote, quit |
24. s, ss, sc- [ s ] s-[ z ] | bus, sense, miss, scent ease, tease, please, his, noise |
19 a) fix next fox b) ex'act
text six flax ex'hibit [ Ig'zIbIt ]
ox box ax ex'aggerate [ Ig'zæGqreIt ]
mix Max e'xist [ Ig'zIst ]
ex'amination [ IgzæmI'neISn ]
ex'ample [ Ig'zQ:mpl ]
20 a) boy soil join noisy 'boiler
toy spoil joist poison 'boycott
joy toil moist 'roister point
troy oil voice 'toilet coin
21 a) knit knock knap nap
knife knave knick Nick
knick knack knell Nell
knap knag knack snack
knot knob knot not
knell knelt knife wife
b) knap nap c) knap cat
knick Nick knick kick
knell Nell knot cot
knack snack knock cock
knot not knave cave
knag nag knob rob
knife wife knoll lot
knave wave knelt net
22 a) sing king gang tang b) ink link
ring bring bang sprang brink clink
sling fling lung flung drink think
spring swing song gong tank thank
flank frank
bunk chunk
c) sing sang sung d) ink sang
ring rang rung link ping
cling clang clung bank strong
sting stang stung trunk bring
spring sprang sprung wink swing
fling flang flung
e) ran rang range f) 'single
ban bang bank 'finger
tan tang tank 'singular
tug rung trunk
thin thing think g) sing singe inch ink
sink sank sunk bring cringe pinch pink
stink stank stunk stitch
king fringe winch wink
drink drank drunk
flung flunge hunch hunk
lung lunge bunch bunk
23 quill quilt
quick quip
quiz quint
quell well
quest west
24 a) is his b) bus 'person add'ress
as has release 'sense res'ponse
rose nose case suc'cess
rise noise suspense c) his kiss bus is
lose close reset his hiss plus is
zone those mesa his miss us is
rise prize cross
zoo zoom rose
braze maze close
Test yourself: next, exist, quip, knit, 'singular, knick, set, bang, trunk, voice, e'xaggerate, joy, knag, tang, single, moist, troy, thing, thank, sale, be'long, meeting, ring, song, kneel, knoll, ex'act, send, e'xample, ex'hibit, fix, sane, sake, scent, scene, close, prose, science, quiz, oil, ex'treme, quite, point, text, depth, re'sponse, strength, toy, ex'cept, knee, these, prize, thing, 'liquid, noise, knave, spring, swing, quick, boil, trunk, box, coil.
UNIT 6
25. ea-[ e ] d, th | dead, bread, ready, feather, leather, head But: break [ breIk ], great [ greIt ], steak [steIk ], create [ krI: 'eIt ] |
26. o-[ A ] m, n, th, v | 'company, 'become, done, won, 'mother, glove, dove, some, 'cover, front, month, love, 'wonder, a'bove, 'other, come, 'money |
27. ew - [ jυ: ] eu | new, few, knew, stew, mew, dew, pew, hew neutral, feudal, 'Euclid, 'Eugene, 'Europe |
28. i+ld,nd- [ QI ] | grind, be'hind, mild, kind, blind, wild, find But: gild [ gIld ], wind [ ωInd ], [ωQind ] |
29. igh-[ QI ] | fight, light, might, night, high, right, bright sight, tight, to'night |
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25 a) head read spread thread dead dread
feather weather breath death stead lead
b) heading 'deadly c) a'head heal head
spread 'dreadful in'stead deal dead
thread steady be'head steal stead
be'spread beat breath
be'stread treat thread
d) heed head e) Whether the weather be fine,
deep death Whether the weather be not,
breed bread Whether the weather be cold,
breed breath Or whether the weather be hot,
deed dead Well weather the weather
reed fleet Whatever the weather
Whether we like it or not.
26 son come love wonder other cover become
won some dove mother another money London
front above glove brother month company
27 a) feud few grew rue drew
deuce new crew due dew
Zeus chew threw flue flew
true sue
b) 'neutral 'newly 'Andrew 'Lewis
'Newton 'Euclid 'newish a'new
'Eugene 'Newton re'new 'newal
28 - 29 a) wild child mild
nigh sigh nigh thigh
fight night tight sight might
slight light right bright plight
kind mind find bind blind rind
b) file fight mite might will wild pile plight
style sight tile tight chill child
Nile night lime light mill mild
c) wink wing wind
brink bring bind
sink fling find
think spring grind
Test yourself: London, night, wind, light, cover, bread, front, new, front, become, 'ready, 'feudal, some, a'nother, won, great, blind, high, Nile, weather, plight, hew, a'bove, to'night, breath, dead, thread, child, high, 'Monday, dew, son, mind, light, come, right, few, bright, find, head, knew, dove, sight, de'light, fight, break, weather, other, done, mild, tight, feather, flew, wonder, might.
UNIT 7
30. [ ∫ ] ch- . . - [ k ] . | ma'chine, chef, Chi'cago, chimes, chic, champagne [∫æm'peIn ] 'scholar, chrome, chorus, chloride, 'architect, scheme, school |
31. + le | 'stable, 'title, 'able, 'idle, 'maple, 'Bible, 'sable |
32. ph- [ f ] | 'physics, phi'losophy, 'telephone, 'phrase, 'photo, 'photgraph, 'telegraph, 'alphabet, 'graphic |
33.a+ff, th-[ Q: ] | 'pather, 'father, 'bathroom, path |
34.a+lm[ m] a+ lf[ f ] [ Q: ] -a+nce a+nch a+nt | palm, balm, salmon, calm calf, half, halves dance, glance, France, chance ranch, branch grant, plant, cant, shant |
35. ey - [ eI ] ei | grey, o'bey, they, veil |
36. a+s+c.- [ Q: ] | ask, task, fast, grasp, plaster, master, pass, class, task, grass, last, vast, last |
30 machine, chef, Chicago, chimes, chrome, chlorite, scheme, chorus, architect, mechanic, technical, character
31 a) tape table b) rifle sable cobble
state stable stifle cable noble
cape cable trifle table ogle
ape able cycle stable fugle
babe fable title Maple Bible
idle bridle
32 phone phase 'phantom 'telegraph
phlok phrase Phillip 'atmosphere
Phipps photo phut 'alphabet
Phony phobia 'paragraph
33 a) staff chaff b) calm palm calves halves
aft craft shaft calm charm leaf leaves
bath path lath balm palm life lives
staff bluff fluff calf half wife wives
c) France chance dance glance shunt shant
plant grant cant shant hunt cant
branch stanch ranch planch stuff staff
cuff chaff
d) bat bath
lad lath
pat path
34 a) calm palm calf half half harm calm charm
calf half calf scarf balm barn palm farm
calve halve
balm palm
35 a) grey fey b) same they plane feint
rein vein face fey wave vein
veil trey trace trey crane rein
they skein
feint ley
36 a) class pass glass grass brass
ask task flask bask mask
fast past cast vast mast
b) past pass grasp
fast glass clasp
cast class gasp
last grass rasp
Test yourself: ma'chine, phlok, 'telephone, rein, 'technical, 'alphabet, chaff, halves, phrase, glance, staff, chef, 'chronicle, path, grey, cable, obey, palm, calm, fast, de'mand, me'chanics, 'character, plant, noble, scholar, stable, physics, graphics, they, pass, glass, fast, task, class, past, branch, bath, half, hey, glass, stable, noble, photo, idle.
UNIT 8
37. au - [ L ] aw | 'autumn, hawk, law, paw, draw, August, 'saucer, fault, dawn, maul, Paul, pawl, 'raucid, raw, saw, sawn, 'saunter, saucy, tawdry, taut, 'tawny, pause, vaunt, bawd, awful |
38. lt a-[ L ] ll lse lk[ k ] | 'Baltic, chalk, palsy, palter, talk, walk, waltz, altar, alter, 'altering, bald, balk, 'balsam, chalk, 'falcon, falter, halt, also, 'almost, all |
39. oar-[ L ] | oar, boar, hoard, hoar, hoarse, coarse |
40. au + gh-[ L ] ou | caught, fought, nought, brought, thought, taught, sought, 'naughty, draught, ought |
41. qua-[ kωL ] | 'quadrant, quad, 'quadral, quaff, 'quadrate, 'quarrel, 'quality, 'quantity, quant, quart, quartz, quash, 'quarry |
37 a) paw saw b) haunt taunt c) 'August 'aurrist
maw raw haunch launch 'aura 'aural
jaw yaw 'Mauna jaunt 'austral 'auburn
law caw 'awful 'sawmill 'auto 'autum n
claw slaw 'bawdy 'sawder (n )
taw thaw 'trawler 'crawler
38 a) all fall small tall stall b) talk chalk all balk
call ball salt small false chalk walk wall walk
falling calling stalling wall small talk stall stalk
salty fallen baldly spall all chalk call chalk
task talk mask chalk
ask chalk cask stalk
stalk balk bask balk
c) calm palm calf half carves halves
calm balm palm half calf scarf
39 board, coarse, hoarse, roar, boar, oar, hoard, hoar, soar
40 a) ought fought draught
nought saught daughter
bought thought brought
b) fort fought ought
sort sought 'daughter
thorn thought draught
north naught caught
41 a) quad squad b) 'quadrant c) quail quiet
quash squash quadral quaint quill
gosh quarrel quadrate quake 'quota
quality queen
qualifi'cation quick
Test yourself: auto,bauble, fault, 'quality, half, 'naughty, coarse, wall, alter, Paul, wash, fought, quart, ought, hoar, walk, 'saucer, 'August, 'quarrel, 'daughter, 'almost, 'Baltic, draw, 'quarter, auto'matic, cause, call, brought, thought, low, caught, false, quantity, hoard, quant, pause, bought, thought, quash, spall, chalk, author.
UNIT 9
42. er ir [ q: ] yr ur | herd, turn, skirt, sir, terse, dirty, serf, nerve, first, curd, purse, thirty, serf, girl, burst, spur, turtle, myrtle |
43. eer - [ Iq ] ear ere | cheer, beer, veer, steer, clear, ear, hear, near, fear, year, dear, queer, deer, dear, merely, mere, sere, here But: were [ ωq ], [ ωq: ] |
44. ire - [ QIq ] yre | tired, mire, lyre, Shire, tyre, hire, sa'tire |
45. ure-[ jυ:∂] | lure, pure, cure, en'dure, se'cure |
46.oor-[ υq ] | moor, spoor, poor But:floor [ flL ], door [ dL ] |
42 a) her, ob'serve, 'verses, 'person, re'turn, merge, ab'surd, heard, re'serve
b) fur 'further surd 'surplus nurse 'murder
fur 'furnish Turk 'Turkish surd 'sturdy
fur 'furnace turk 'turnip urge 'urgent
curl 'curly purr pure plur lure
curt cure 'purchase 'turnover 'curtain cure
occur obs'cure fur fure
c) thirst third sir 'circus first firstly
firm 'firman bird birch dirt dirty
Read: I observed. I observed an absurd person. I observed the absurd person and I heard her. I observed the absurd person and I heard her recite the verses. When I returned I observed the absurd person and I heard her recite the verses.
43 a) deer beer sere sphere queer
ear near veer steer fear
Shear smear dear rear tear
Here mere spear hear clear
b) nearing, steering, fearing, rearing, clearing, cheering
44 a) mire hire tire fire wiry wiring
spire sire quire byre miry firing
tyre pyre lyre squire hiring tiring
b) ad'mire at'tire de'sire
cons'pire re'spire ex'pire
re'quire in'spire re'tire
en'quire
c) fine fire type tyre fir fire
wide wire site sire sir sire
hide hire mile mire bird byre
spite spire pipe pyre birch lyre
quite quire ar'rive ad'mire 'firman 'fireman
45 a) en'dure pure purely
al'lure pure purer
se'cure pure purest
lure luring
46 a) poor poorly b) cute cure huge pure
poor poorer rule poor mule moor
poor poorest plume spoor
Test yourself: west, term, sphere, here, breeze, these, were, sere, chest, hem, stress, prefer, bed, germ, further, curtain, smart, burst, learn, pure, near, firm, turn, se'cure, wire, circle, hear, verb, cheer, curve, clear, spoor, cure, nerve, burn, re'tire, queer, fire, dirty, third, require, tyre, re'turn, dear, merge, poor, con'vert, ad'mire, hire, person, sir, fur, 'circuit, 'ther'mal, surface, university, early, 'thirsty.
UNIT 10
47. ar- [ Q: ] | cart, hard, bar, large, yard, charm, harm, dark, star, bard, car |
48. are- [ e ] A + r + | rare, hare, care, square, stare, share, spare, bare, scare But: are [a:] |
49.air -[ eq ] eir | air, hair, fair, pair, chair, stair, dairy, fairy, their |
50. or - [ L ] ore | cord, fork, score, port, sport, more, born, core, store, short, sort, forty, explore |
51. wa-[ ωO ] | watch, want, wash, wand, wash, was, wander, water, walk |
52. war- [ ωL ] | war, ward, warn, warm, re'ward |
53. wor- [ ωq: ] | word, worse, world, worst, 'worship, 'network |
47-48 a) mar mare dark dare barn bare
car care spar spare farm fare
star stare far fare harm hare
bar bare charm chair tar tare
b) mate mare wake ware
cate care rake rare
state stare bake bare
shake share fate fare
c) far car bar mar tar star
car cart barn card par carp
part start tart smart cart art
arm farm darn barn tarn charm
d) cat cart bad bard fame farm scape scar
mat smart match march Dane darn cape carp
cap cart cad card shame charm shape sharp
bat Bart dad yard stake stark spade spar
e) mare bare care dare fare share
air pair hair fair their careful
prepare parent hairy daring farewell careless
49 a) fair fairly pail pair hail hair air airship
hair hairless fail fair air aim pare fairy
air airless chain chair stain stair
b) they their c) fair fail dare daring
they there hair hail stare staring
they where rare rail share sharing
where there chair chain care caring
stair stain pare parent
air aim flare flaring
50 a) fort torn sport York short horse | b) for form sort short fork cork nor norm torch scorch ford cord | or storm torn thorn born corn port porter storm stormy for forty | c) fore bore tore ore spore more Yore shore core | ||
d) cod corn odd lord cock cork fog forge Bob born | code cord tone torn cone corn phone form stone storm | e) sharp short card cord are form farm form parch porch | |||
51-53 a) was squash watt wand
watch wash want squat
b) 'warmer wormy work worker c) 'farmer warder
warder worker wored woredly 'former warder
wardress worthy worse worser varnish warship
warship worship worst worsen Cornish warty
re'ward reword worth worthy [ 'ωq:DI ] barman wardress
a'ward a word word wordy corner warmer
farther warmer corny warship
d) tapper taper Tarter ladder lazy larder
chatter chaser charter manner maker market
panty paper partner
Test yourself: mare, charm, wormy, award, want, worst, forty, ex'plore, worse, store, share, watch, work, born, card, cord, world, more, far, hard, fair, forty, store, yore, York, porch, phone, are, sore, morning, code, core, harm, their, torn, forge, spore, scorch, far, barn, shake, fare, trade, tale, bag, Sam, dare, care, car, mate, smart, card, rare, fate, square, stare, shame, bart, yard, bare, ware, re'ward, re'port, walk, prepare, article, pair.
UNIT 11
54. ou- [ Qυ ] ow- [ Qυ, Oυ ] | [ Qu ] out, a'bout, round, town, ground, brown, pound, a'mount, gown, loud, down [ Ou ] row, know, show, blow, throw, snow |
55. our - [ Qυq ] ower | our, flour, sour, flower |
56. wr- [ r ] | wrist, wrench, wry, write, wrap, wrong |
57. wh- [ ω ] wh + o[ h ] | whine, why, wheel, whale, while, whim, wheat whose [ hυz ], who [ hυ ], whom [ hυm ], whose [ hυz ] |
54 [ Qυ ] [ Oυ ]
a) bow al'low browse bow slow
row ac'count crown row tow
cow dis'count ground show mow
now 'output noun glow flow
'powerful found mouse known borrow
b) lone glow stone mown
so slow rose row
no mow snow smoke
c) faun found sauce house d) hawk how
haunt hound fault foul dawn down
laud loud staunch stout claw clown
Maude mound pause rouse pawn pound
pawl foul
55 a) our sour dour flour scour hour [ Qυq ]
b) our out sour stout hourly
hour oust flour flounce sourly
scour scout dour doubt flouring
our noun sour south dourer
hour mouth hour house scouring
56 write wrote write wrung wrest west
writ wrist wrong wring wring wing
wrest wreck wren wrench wrote wove
wrack wrap wry wren
wrest rest write rite
wrack rack wrench trench
wring ring wry try
57 a)when which why what b) while wine which witch
whole hole whole hole what watt whale wake
who [ υ: ] whose [ υ: ] who rule why wide
when wet
[ V - f ] [ ω ]
c) vat fat d) wet went well
van fan west wept swept
vet vent will win wit
vend felt swim swift swell
vin fin twin twist dwell
Read:
a) bid bed bond bump bard still stem stop stump stamp
pit pet pot but bat spill spell spot pump stand
rib red rob run tram grip get grog grunt grand
trip trek trod truss flax print press prop plump pram
strip stress prod bust tramp
miss mess moss muss mass
him hem loss hum ham b) timber timer thirty
list lest lost last lass sister spider skirmish
big bed bog bug bag finish final firmer
pin pen pond pun pan differ diver dirty
Test yourself: wiry, follow, expire, show, yellow, voted, secure, moor, snow, mountain, vet, whose, our, south, stress, down, wrack, while, dwell, wrench, count, slow, low, why, twist, print, hour, wrong, whole, flower, whom, finish, still, swim, write, noun, hourly.
UNIT 12
58. .. - [ s ] (e)s - . ., . [ z ] [ Iz ] | ports, months, slopes, cases, forces, pages, chairs, rooms, cameras, borders |
59. ea-[ e ] sure[ Zq ] | 'leisure, 'pleasure, 'measure, 'treasure But:sure [Sυq], sugar [Sυgq] |
60. ture- [ Cq ] | 'picture, 'lecture, 'future, 'culture, 'nature, 'structure |
61. ssian tion cian-[ Sn ] ssion sion - [ Zn ] | 'nation, 'Russian, 'dictation, 'station, de'cision, 'action, di'vision, trans'lation |
58 a) cut cuts beg begs refuses
clock clocks pig pigs finishes
weep weeps will wills changes
shout shouts bard bards buses
b) beef beeves life lives
calf calves wolf [ υ ] wolves [ υ ]
half halves loaf loaves
leaf leaves scarf scarves
wife wives self selves
shelf shelves thief thieves [ I: ]
[ s ] [ z ] [ Iz ]
c)cut cuts bus buses
clock clocks beg begs gas gases
paint paints cave caves plus pluses
drink drinks pig pigs match matches
stop stops grave graves fetch fetches
fork forks hill hills rich riches
mark marks wave waves age ages
flirt flirts club clubs dress dresses
hope hopes ale ales rose roses
vote votes stab stabs race races
take takes pole poles breeze breezes
grape grapes hand hands hinge hinges
shape shapes hole holes brush brushes
flake flakes band hands tax taxes
point points eve eves fox foxes
wait waits ten tens fix fixes
suit suits drive drives rise rises
fruit fruits fan fans horse horses
boot boots lime limes fuss fusses
root roots run runs dish dishes
hawk hawks style styles boss bosses
fault faults ring rings dash dashes
haunt haunts crime crimes flash flashes
boat boats tire tires kiss kisses
[ s ] [ z ] [ Iz ]
toast toasts fire fires force forces
weep weeps wire wires lodge lodges
cheek cheeks side sides fuzz fuzzes
creep creeps song songs
cheat cheats long longs
street streets tribe tribes
hook hooks tube tubes
book books lung lungs
mount mounts carve carves
count counts mule mules
coast coasts starve starves
'object objects spoil spoils
'traffic traffics hire hires
'subject subjects try tries
rocket rockets serve serves
stripe stripes join joins
bite bites fly flies
white whites sire sires
wake wakes dry dries
[ z ]
nerve nerves rain rains hear hears
bard bards train trains steer steers
lord lords maid maids boy boys
firm firms need needs stair stairs
term terms read reads pair pairs
curl curls cry cries trey treys
form forms leave leaves sea seas
ward wards sleeve sleeves fir firs
bird birds town towns day days
car cars fry fries fur furs
star stars toy toys fee fees
care cares grey greys stare stares
59-60
a)measure measuring 'picture 'culture 'sculpture
pleasure pleasurer nature future feature
treasure treasurer fixture mixture texture
lecture lecturer capture torture gesture
structure structural furniture signature [ 'sIgnqCq ]
b) Eat at pleasure,
Drink with measure
What do you usually do at leisure?
61 'section re'ception attraction deduction motion
action at'tention refraction reduction notion
sanction cor'rection distraction production
pro'motion commotion translation e'quation [ I'kωeISn ]
Test yourself: dairy, flour, measure, matches, production, structure, leisure, stair, ear, lecturer, veer, sour, decision, treasure, illusion, sculpture, queer, year, emotion, furniture, action, fair, cheer, our, confusion, television, oppression, mathematician, dresses, cares, leaves.
UNIT 13
62. . ., . - [ d ] ed - .. - [t ] t, d - [ Id ] | 'mated, 'fainted, re'ferred, 'married, opp'ressed, 'sweeped, 'dropped, re'laxed, 'aired, 'entered, 'learned, di'vided |
63. o + ld - [ Oυld ] | old, cold, fold, gold |
64. ing - [ IN ] | ring, sing, planning |
[ t ] [ d ] [ Id ]
62 a)chop chopped bar barred vote voted
shop shopped star starred de'bate de'bated
stop stopped pre'fer pre'ferred note noted
chip chipped offer offered hate hated
shock shocked dare dared found founded
chuck chucked air aired date dated
tax taxed play played faint fainted
mix mixed de'stroy de'stroyed seat seated
match matched lodge lodged heat heated
greet greeted
boot booted
wait waited
[ t ] [ d ] [ d ]
b) top 'stopped blame blamed row 'rowed
flop 'flopped try 'tried charge charged
shop 'shopped flame flamed tire 'tired
ship 'shipped fry 'fried sneeze sneezed
chip 'chipped rage raged sleeve sleeved
force forced cry 'cried ease eased
shock 'shocked dare 'dared cool cooled
back 'backed cone coned dream dreamed
pack 'packed care 'cared clean cleaned
crack 'cracked stone stoned peal pealed
check 'checked share 'shared fool fooled
peck 'pecked close closed roof roofed
link 'linked stare 'stared slow 'slowed
wink 'winked tune tuned rub 'rubbed
thank 'thanked fear 'feared fog 'fogged
flank 'flanked fuse fused pin 'pinned
smash 'smashed near 'neared poise poised
crash 'crashed use used skin 'skinned
fish 'fished fire 'fired rail railed
cash 'cashed charm charmed leg 'legged
wash 'washed hire 'hired plug 'plugged
wish 'wished scorn scorned bag 'bagged
tax 'taxed
fix 'fixed
[ t ] [ t ] [ d ]
box 'boxed step 'stepped play 'played
mix 'mixed watch watched stave starved
press 'pressed fork forked fail failed
dress 'dressed cork corked web 'webbed
kiss 'kissed pace paced trim 'trimmed
ask asked trace traced name named
fetch fetched match matched carve carved
mark marked sweep sweeped call called
cheek cheeked leash leashed show 'showed
creep creeped book booked
63 a)old cold fold hold bold gold
b) curl old c) boat bold d) oil old
bird bold soap sold boil bold
hurl hold goat gold coil cold
firm fold coat cold soil sold
turn told foam fold toil told
murk mold wove wold foil fold
64 planning rubbing boxing potting
sitting robbing nesting sensing
stopping digging fishing fencing
hitting bidding singing solving
humming milling sticking flashing
Test yourself: old, cold, fold, gold, 'mated, 'fainted, re'ferred, 'married, opp'ressed, 'sweeped, 'dropped, re'laxed, 'aired, 'entered, 'learned, di'vided, a'voided, ring, sing, planning, walked, priced, liked, scraped, hoped, sloped, talked, asked, washed, turned, turned.
Additional Exercises
Exercise 1
a) Cod code cork core mat mate mar mare
stock stoke storm store plum plume blur lure
shot shone short shore punch pule purr pure
net neat nerve near Nack shake shark share
hen heat her here stack stake star stare
quench queen perm queer cut cute curt cure
fin fine fir fire sit site sir sire
spit spite spirt spire
Exercise 2
'Safe, 'even, 'mine, tube, 'nylon, due, life, style, dry, same, smoke, fame, mile, pole, drive, 'duty, 'eve, those, 'battle, club, jump, much, 'subject, myth, lorry, re'sult, 'butter, cute, pigs, 'budget, 'tiny.
Exercise 3
Bare, pure, care, core, rare, pre'pare, square, fire, 'tired, cure, 'merely, 'circus, star, chart, 'Turkey, term, 'surface, serve, 'hardly, 'organize, trans'form, force, firm, 'murder, 'turnip, con'serve, shore, sphere.
Exercise 4
Pet, peep, been, bee, sleeve, end, mess, bee, smell, seed, life, lift, pine, pin, tie, lie, side, snip, snipe, by, bind, fight, mild, find, site, sight, bay, maid, fleece, pale, cliff, cite, 'tailor, pain, mat, cede, cave, fat.
Exercise 5
Star, wrack, sharp, spends, bone, charm, weave, wrap, bold, doom, coke, fees, witch, arch, cool, whale, cock, wreck, cash, seems, wrist, wheat, boar, wheeze, took, pool, sold, told, shells, whence, while.
Exercise 6
'Tower, wing, pink, quite, worm, knelt, 'diagram, hire, 'power, single, flank, quaint, worst, knave, 'diary, spire, 'flower, sprinkle, quake, worth, knob, 'via, 'wiry, sung, quack, words, knees, 'diamond, shire, 'shower, quest, 'worthy, tire, knives, 'pioneer, de'sire, vio'lin, wires, tire, 'angry.
Exercise 7
Crew, suc'cess, arti'ficial, bathe, laugh, whole, de'cay, 'storage, knuckle, 'moisture, be'hind, sidle, me'chanic, 'pressure, caught, 'virgin, 'naughty, 'fountain, 'sympathy, o'bey, 'feather, sledge, pew, true, exact, cow, 'casque, aunt, a'ware.
Exercise 8
Sport, wove, slave, solve, hunt, ward, hard, stove, worry, hurry, pause, care, ware, as, was, soar, sour, sore, war, pore, square, spoor, flour, more, moor, pure, urge, lynx, hear, room, raze, roam, here, prey, tire, fair, raise, rise, rood, rude, four, or, there, hair, their, they, fare, fur, far, fire, cool, coal, curl, girl, dire, dear, true, warm, work, farm, where, your, tyre, fear, deal, air, quire, world, noun.
Exercise 9
Deep snow, clean seat, raw meat, new grain, each toy, low voice, flew low, smooth Brown, shrewd boy, grey soil, new glue, good wood, frail mail, green paint, main jail, took aim, wool goat, staunch crowd, gay queen, plain boot, low lawn, round cloud, foul hawk, sharp teeth, new tooth, dark hood, proud joy, loud noise, good choice, cheep clay, sea coast.
Exercise 10
Calf carve, loose lose, lip fib, heat heed, duck dug, fetch edge, lent lend, sink sing, cliff live leaf leave, bit bid beat bead. Give me five minutes. I believe in a good laugh. Please, use a pencil. His ties look nice. I need a good guide. He died at night. He used to buy used cars. He meets us in Leeds. He left his 'luggage in a 'village pub. Put out your tongue. I think things are changing.
Exercise 11 [ æ e ]
Man, hand, bad, cap, hat, back, stand back. The man had his hat in his hand. Man men, land lend, gas guess. Fin fen fan, miss mess mass, bit bet bat, bid bed bad. Bit bid, bet bed, bat bad. Can I get a black hat? Macks neck is fat. The cat has 'blackspecks on her back. He let the cat out of the bag. Lend us a hand. My bed isnt bad. She has a bad leg. I never said that. The man had ten tinned cans in his bag.
Exercise12 [ O L ], [ æ υ ]
Got, lock, Tom. The pot is hot. He stopped the clock. Got gut, lock luck, gone gun. The gun has gone off. Shes sung a song. Tom got a shock in the hot hut. Mop mob, got god, dock dog. Tom is fond of hock. Youve got a nice job. Short, talk, horn, law, more. They talked about Maudes naughty daughter. No, home, moment. I dont smoke. Law low, court coat, hall hole. I bought a boat. The porter had mown the lawn. Court cord, coat code. Hes short of cord. Maude bought a long board. They found the code in his coat. Shot short, lot lord, fog fork. Bob knocked at the door. Weve got four bottles of Scotch. Cut cot caught coat, cud cod cord code.
Exercise 13 [ eI ]
Day, game, make, face, nation. Lets play a game. Haste makes waste. Play plays place, may made mate, pain pained paint. He waits he wades. His pains were in vain. He stayed in that state till May.
Exercise 14 [ I, υ, eq, jυ: ]
Fear, idea, fierce. He feared her tears. The fierce storm filled us with fears. Fee fear, peace pierce, bead beard. She hears hi