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Classes. Undergraduates are required to complete an extensive core curriculum called the General Institute Requirements (GIRs). The science requirement, generally completed during freshman year as prerequisites for classes in science and engineering majors, comprises two semesters of physics classes covering classical mechanics and electricity and magnetism, two semesters of math covering single variable calculus and multivariate calculus, one semester of chemistry, and one semester of biology. Undergraduates are required to take a laboratory class in their major, eight Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences (HASS) classes (at least three in a concentration and another four unrelated subjects), and non-varsity athletes must also take four physical education classes. In May 2006, a faculty recommended that the current GIR system be simplified with changes to the science, HASS, and Institute Lab requirements.

Although the difficulty of MIT coursework has been characterized as "drinking from a fire hose," the failure rate and freshmen retention rate at MIT are similar to other large research universities. Some of the pressure for first-year undergraduates is lessened by the existence of the "pass/no-record" grading system. In the first (fall) term, freshman transcripts only report if a class was passed while no external record exists if a class was not passed. In the second (spring) term, passing grades (ABC) appear on the transcript while non-passing grades are again rendered "no-record".

Most classes rely upon a combination of faculty led lectures, graduate student led recitations, weekly problem sets (p-sets), and tests to teach material, though alternative curricula exist, e.g. Experimental Study Group, Concourse, and Terra-scope. Over-time, students compile "bibles", collections of problem set and examination questions and answers used as references for later students.

Research. MIT employs approximately 3,500 researchers in addition to faculty. MIT faculty and researchers disclosed 487 inventions, filed 314 patent applications, received 149 patents, and earned $129.2 million in royalties and other income. The GNU project and free software movement originated at MIT. In electronics, magnetic core memory, radar, single electron transistors, and inertial guidance controls were invented or substantially developed by MIT researchers.

Traditions and student activities. The faculty and student body highly value meritocracy and technical proficiency. MIT has never awarded an honorary decree nor does it award athletic scholarships, or Latin honors upon graduation. However, MIT has twice awarded honorary professorships; to Winston Churchill. in 1949 and Salman Rushdie in 1993.

Current students and alumni wear a large, heavy, distinctive class ring known as the "Brass Rat." Originally created in 1929, the ring's official name is the "Standard Technology Ring." The undergraduate ring design (a separate graduate student version exists as well) varies slightly from year to year to reflect the unique character of the MIT experience for that class, but always features a three-piece design, with the MIT seal and the class year each appearing on a separate face, I flanking a large rectangular bezel bearing an image of a beaver. The initialism IHTFP, representing the formal school motto and jocularly euphemized as "I have truly found paradise", "Institute has the finest professors", and other variations, is featured on the ring given its historical prominence in student culture.

 

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Faculties. MIT has 1,008 faculty members, of whom 195 are women and 172 are minorities. Faculty is responsible for lecturing classes, advising both graduate and undergraduate students, and sitting on academic committees, as well as conducting original research. 25 MIT faculty members have won the Nobel Prize. Among current and former faculty members, there are 51 National Medal of Science and Technology recipients, 80 Guggenheim Fellows, 6 Fulbright Scholars, 29 MacArthur Fellows, 5 Dirac Medal winners, 5 Wolf Prizewinners, and 4 Kyoto Prize winners. Faculty members who have made extraordinary contributions to their research field as well as the MIT community are granted appointments as Institute Professors for the remainder of their tenures.

STANFORD UNIVERSITY

Stanford University or Stanford, is a private research university located in Stanford, California, United States. Stanford was founded in 1885 by former California governor and senator Leland Stanford and his wife, Jane Lathrop Stanford, as a memorial to their son Leland Stanford Jr., who died of typhoid in Europe a few weeks before his 16th birthday. The Stanfords used their farm lands to establish the university hoping to create a large institution in California.

Stanford enrolls about 6,700 undergraduate and about 8,000 graduate students from the United States and around the world every year. Its graduates are famous all over the world. They have founded companies like Hewlett-Packard, Sun ' Microsystems, Nvidia, Yahoo, Cisco Systems, Silicon Graphics and Google. Stanford University is a tax-exempt corporate trust owned and governed by I a privately-appointed 35-member Board of Trustees. Trustees serve for five year term mot more than two consecutive terms) and meet five times annually.

The Board appoints a President to serve as the chief executive officer of the university and proscribe the duties of professors and course of study, manage financial and business affairs, and appoint nine vice president posts.

The university is organized into seven schools: School of Humanities and Sciences, School of Engineering, School of Earth Sciences, School of Education, Graduate School of Business, Stanford Law School and the Stanford University School of Medicine. Stanford University is a large, highly residential research university with a majority of enrollments coming from graduate and professional students. The Stanford University Libraries hold a collection of more than eight million volumes. The main library in the SU library system is Green Library.

Stanford University is the home to the Cantor Center for Visual Arts museum with 24 galleries, sculpture gardens, terraces, and a courtyard first established in 1891 by Jane and Leland Stanford as a memorial to their only child. Notably, the Center possesses the largest collection of Rodin works outside of Paris, France.

Stanford is considered to be one of the best universities in the world. The Stanford Law School is ranked second in the nation while its Education School and Business School are both ranked first. Stanford School of Medicine is currently ranked eighth in research according to US Stanford's current community of scholars includes: 18 Nobel Prize laureates; 135 members of the National Academy of Sciences.

 

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