The critical period for the correct emotional development of a human infant is between six months and two years. The human infant seems to need both to fee] secure and to develop not as an isolated being, but as a member of society. Growth and socialization require that an infant becomes used to change, but if the change is loo sudden and is introduced without consideration for the habits already formed, satisfactory emotional development may be impaired.
The effects of early experience are very important for human beings. Recently there appeared in the national press mention of the death of a 'wolf boy'. This was a human being who was discovered some fifteen years ago in a railway station in North America. He was about 14. When found he was walking on all fours and he behaved like an animal rather than as a human. He had even grown teeth like an animal's. He was so unlike a human that it could only be assumed he had been suckled by a wolf and had managed to survive by learning animal behaviour. Though looked after by humans for the rest of his life he never learnt to speak nor to be in any way educable. In the 14 years of his animal environment he had learnt to behave as an animal and could not modify his behaviour very much when put into a human environment. Of course he may have had very little potential intelligence when born. This we do not know.
It has been found that normal human infants develop responses later than usual if their environments are restricted. For example, the normal age for an infant to learn to grasp a ring is six months, provided the ring has been placed in the cot for some weeks previously and he has had a chance to observe it and play with it. A pair of twins were shown no rings till they were eight months old, by which time an infant would be expected to grasp a ring naturally. These twins were shown rings for 30 seconds a day on succeeding days, but it was not until the 13th day in the one case and the 20th day in the other that they first succeeded in grasping the rings.
In this instance, where the learning of physical activity, such as grasping was delayed through lack of opportunity, no lasting harm appears to be done. Though the infants learnt the activity concerned when they were older their eventual performance was as good as that of other younger children.
Emotional development seems to be more lastingly affected by early environmental influence. Anthropologists have come across two tribes in New Guinea which differ markedly both in the way they bring up their children and in the way they behave as adults. The Arapesh tribe bring up their children permissively and are always gentle towards them. As adults they are friendly to one another and to strangers. The Mundugumor on the other hand are harsh to their children and are aggressive to one another and to strangers. In the island of Bali the infants are mainly looked after by small girls and have little con~ tact with their own mothers. The lack of close relationships in childhood may possibly be the reason why the Balinese people are un£mo~ tional. Children need one another's company and friendship, but of even greater importance is their need of someone on whom the/ can depend, to whom they can go when they feel unhappy or insecure. Normally this is their mother.
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The years from birth to five are vitally important for the htfman infant; this is particularly true of the period between six month? and two and a half years when a child is becoming increasingly aware ol what is happening but cannot yet express his feelings in speech. The evidence that this period is critical comes not only from people wh later in life develop neurotic illness but from children who bec'ome delinquent. Many criminals are found to have had a less settled secure childhood than others of similar temperament and intelligence who have remained co-operative members of society.
(James Breese. Psychology and Everyday Life. L., 1971, pp. 14 16).
VOCABULARY
A
ability, n ; abstract ~ ; artistic ~ies ; creative ~ies ; educational ~ ; empathic ~ ; general ~ies ; inborn ~ ; intellectual ~ies () ; learned ~ ; mechanical ~ies ; mental ~ies ; primary ~ies ; special ~ies
able, adj ; ; to be ~ to , ; the child is able to stand and crawl around abnormal, adj , , abnormality, , , , , ; congenital ~ (, ); speech ~ (, )
abreaction, (, - )
absence, 1. ; ~ from work 2. (- -.); , (-,) 3. (. ~ of mind)
absent, adj 1. ; to be ~ from University ( ) 2. ; ~ look absentee, ; absenteeism, ; absent-minded, adj absent-mindedness,
absolute, adj , , , // absorb, v , , absorption, 1. , , 2. ,
abstract, n 1. , 2. , // adj , // v 1. 2. 3. , abstracted, adj , abstractedness,
abstraction, 1. , 2.
abstractiveness, ,
absurd, adj , ; ,
absurdity, , , ,
abuse, ; ~ of alcohol ; ~ of narcotics
academic, adj 1. , 2. accelerate, v ()
acceleration, , ; accent, 1. , 2. 3. ; writing - accentuate, v 1. , 2. accept, v 1. ; to ~ an offer 2. , , ; ; to - smb's views -.
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acceptance, , ; group ~ accident, 1. , ; by ~ 2. , 3. .
accidental, adj 1. , 2. , ,
accomodation, (, , ),
; social ~
accomplish, v I. ; to ~ a task (a promise)
() 2. ,
accomplishment,
according to, prep , , ; ~ rule
account, 1. , , 2. , ; on
this ~ ; on what ~? ? not on any
on no ~ hit ,
account, v 1. (for) ; I can't account for his behaviours
2., ; I ~ him a leader
3. (for) , ; he will
account for his actions
accumulate, v ,
accumulation, ,
accuracy, , ,
accurate, adj , , achieve, v , ; ; to ~ one's purpose (end, objective, goal)
achievement, n 1. , ; academic (scholastic, educational) ~s
2.
acoustic, adj , ,
acoustics,
acquire, v 1. ; (, ..); to- status (knowledge, skills) (, ) acquired, adj ; ~ reflexes ()
acquisition,
act, , , ; unconscious ~ //v , , action, n 1. , ; delayed ~ ; voluntary ~ 2. , ; the ~ of environment on man's behaviour activate, v activation, active, adj
activity, n , , ; central nervous ~ () ; higher nervous ~ ; sexual ~ activize, v
acuity, (); auditory (hearing) ~ acute, adj 1. , ; ~ sense of smell 2. , ; ~ mind ; - man 3. , ( ); ~ pain adapt, v , ; to ~ to new conditions
adaptation, , ; sensory ~ ; social ~ ; ~ to smth -. add, v 1.(to) , ; to ~ to one's experience 2. .
addition, n 1. , ; in ~ to it , ,
2. .
adequacy, ,
adequate, adj ,
adjust, v (to smth) , ( -.)
adjustment, n (to smth) , ( -.);
interpersonal ~ ; vocational ~ *-
()
admiration, , admire, v , ,
adolescence, ,
adolescent, // adj
adult, , adj ,
adulthood, , ,
advance, v 1. , 2. ,
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advance, 1. 2. in ~ 3. , , advantage, advice, 1. 2.
advise, v 1. 2. 3. ,
adviser,
affect, ,
affect, v 1. , ; to - one's behaviour 2. , affection, , , affective, , alTectivity, , afferent, , , age, 1. ; at the ~ of 7 7 ; physiological ~ 2 3. , // , ; aged quickly. , aged, adj 1. , 2. ageing, 1. 2.
agent, 1. , (., ) 2. ; irritative ~
aggression, 1. 2.
aggressive,
aggressiveness, aggressivity,
aid, 1. ; to come to one's ~ // v 2. pi. ; audio-visual ~s aim, , ,
air, 1. 2. ; to act with an ~ of uncertainty
alarm, n 1. , 2. alternation, n , , , ambiguity, , , ambiguous, adj ,
amount, 1. 2. , // v (to) 1. ; 2. , analogous, ^' ,
analogy, n ,
analyse, analyze, v 1., 2. (
) to - smth into elements
analysis, (pi analyses) 1. 2. 3.
analyst,
analyzer, ; auditory ~
animal, ; control ~ ; experimental ~
; wild ~
anticipate, v ,
anticipation, ,
anxiety, , ,
anxious, adj 1. , 2. ( -.);
~ for success
apparatus, (pi. unchanged) 1. , , 2. ( ); vocal ~ 3.
appear, v 1. , ; to ~ simultaneously 2. ,; he ~s to be ill ,
appearance, 1. , , 2. application, 1. , 2. , ,
apply, v 1. ~ for smth , ( -.); ~ for help, a job , 2. , ; ~ knowledge to practice appreciable, adj 1. , ; , 2.
appreciate, v 1. , , 2. , appreciation, , approach, 1. , , 2. ( -.); an ~ to the problem ; subjective ~ // v ,
arc, ; reflex ~
area, , ; motor ~ ( )
argue, v 1. (with, against, about) 2. 3. ,
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argument, 1. , , 2. ; arousal, , ( )
arouse, v , (); (, ); to ~ pity
arrange, v 1. , 2. , 3 , arrangement, 1. , 2. , 3. pi ,; to make ~s (for) () 4. , arrow, ( ) art, 1. 2. , article, 1. 2. , 3. artificial, adj artificiality, artistic, adj 1. 2. aspiration, 1. , , -. 2.
associate, v 1. , 2. (with) association, ; free ~s ; a close -
assume, v , assumption, , attain, v , attainment, ,
attempt, v , , // ; ; attend, v 1. , ; to ~ a lecture 2. (to) 3. (to) ( -.) to ~ to the education of one's children
attention, 1. ; distracted ~ ; to pay ~ to smth -.; to draw smb's - to smth - -. 2. attentive, adj 1. 2.
attitude, , , ; cognitive ~
attract, v , ; to ~ attention attraction, , , ; interpersonal ~
attribute, 1. , , 2. ,
auditory, adj ,
automatically, adv
autonomic, adj 1. 2.
availability, 1. 2. ,
available, adj 1. ; 2. (,
average, adj I. 2. , // () avoid, v , ; to ~ danger avoidance,
award, () // v (-.), (-.)
aware, predic. (-.); to be ~ of danger
awareness, , , awkward, adj , axon, ,
baby, , // adj , background, 1. , 2. ; social ~ 3. , , banish, v ( ..); ; to ~ fear and anxiety
bar, I. ; , 2. ; to press ~ behave, v
bevaviour, ; stereotyped ~ behavioural, adj ; , behaviourism, behaviourist,
being, 1. ; human ~ ,
2.
belief, , ,
believe, v 1. 2. , ,
biological, adj
biologist,
biology,
birth, ; at ~
blind, adj ; ~ alley
blindness,
blood,
blur, , ; -. , bodily, adj ,
body, 1. 2. 3. , ; ~ of reliable information brain,
8-1756 113 branch, n , ; a ~ of knowledge // v ~ into
breath, breathing, n
breathe, v
bring up, v , ; to ~ children bundle, n , ; a ~ of neurons button, n buzzer, n ;
cage, n
capability, n , , 1 capable, adj 1. , ; ~ pupil 2. (of) ; ~ of imrovement ,
capacity, 1. 2. , ; storage ~ cardiovascular, adj -; ~ system --
care, 1. ; ; infant - 2. ; ; take ~! ! 3. (for, of) , ,
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care, v 1. (for, of, about) ( -./-.); ; 2. , ; I don't ~ to be seen here - ,
carry on, v ; to ~ an experiment carry out, v , , ; to ~ a test npoEje<>
case, 1. , 2. , 3. , ; ~ history ,
causal, adj , ,
causative, adj 1. , 2.
cause, 1. , ; , 2. // v ,
,
cease, v )
cell, ; nerve ~
centre, ; control ~
central, adj ; ~ nervous system
cerebrum {pi. -), certain, adj 1. , , ; under ~ conditions 2. , ; to be ~ of /that... /... certainty,
chain, , ; behaviour ~
challenge, , // v
chance, n 1. , ; by ~ 2. ,
change, v , ,
changeable, adj
character, n 1. ; 2. ; ; 3. ; ; ; innate ~
characteristic, adj ; to be ~ of // ; ; characterize, v
charge, n 1. 2. , 3. // v 1. 2. ; ; I am ~ed witli responsibility chimpanzee,
choice, ; multiple ~ circuit, ; ; ; reflex ~ claim, v 1. 2. , // , ; code, // v cognition,
cognitive, adj ,
cognize, v 1. , 2. ,
collaboration, ,
collaborator,
collect, v
collection, , ; ~ of information collective, ^', , ; ~ leadership collective,
commitment, n 1. 2. common, adj 1. ; ; to have much in ~ 2. ; , ; ~ error 3. , , ; ~ manners communicate, v 1. 2. , communication, , ;
communicative, adj , community, 1. , , 2. ()
comparative, adj 1. ; ~ method of investigation 2. ; with ~ ease compare, v
comparison, ; to draw/make ~ (between) (); to stand/bear ~ with ; in ~ with
complete, adj 1. ; ~ set 2. 3. , ; ~ stranger
complete, v , completion, , complex,
complex, adj 1. , , 2. , , ; - task () complexity,
complicated, adj ; ; ~ system
()
composite, adj ,
composition, 1. , 2. , ; 3. comprehend, v ;
comprehensive, adj 1. , 2. , ; ; ~ definition () 3. ; ~ knowledge
concentrate, v (), (); to ~ one's thoughts
concentration, , ; - of attention
concept, , , ; conception, 1. 2. 3. , ,
concern, v 1. , ; it doesn't ~ me 2. , ; to be ~ed about one's health 3. ; to be ~cd with, to ~ oneself with
concern, n 1. , ; to have no ~ with 2. , ; to cause ~
3. , 4. , ; matter of great ~ concerning, prep ,
conclude, v 1. , 2. ), ()
conclusion, 1. (), ; to draw ~ ; to arrive at/ reach a ~ 2. , 3. ,
condition, 1. , 2. pi. , condition, v 1. 2. , , conditional, conditioned, adj
conditioning, 1. , 2. ; higher-order ~ ; first-order ~ ; backward ~ , forward ~ conduct, v 1. ; to ~ nerve impulses; 2. , ; ; to ~ an experiment 3. to ~ oneself conduction, ; () confidence, n 1. ; to have ~ in the future 2. ; to enjoy smb's ~ -. 3.
confirm, v confirmation,
conflict, ; ; - of feelings // v (with) ; my interests ~ with yours conformity,
confuse, v 1. , 2. ,
confusion, n 1. , ; to put smb to ~ -. 2 ; , ; ~ of thoughts
connotation, , ()
connote, v connotive, adj ; ~ meaning conscious, adj 1. , , 2. consciousness, n 1. 2. , 3.
consequence, n 1. , , 2. ,; a logical ~ 3. ; a matter of great ~
consequent, adj 1, (-.) 2. ; consequently, adv , consider, v 1. , ; ; to ~ a question 2. ( -.); ( -.); to ~ the feelings of others 3. ; 4. , ; we ~ him (to be) a clever person
considerable, ^'; ~ number consideration, 1. ; ; the question under ~ 2. ; to take into ~ 3. , ; ; out of- for his age
consistency, 1. , 2. 3.
consistent, adj 1. (with) , , ; practices ~ with his beliefs , 2. ; he is not ~ in his actions
constancy, , ; perceptual ~
constant, , // . , constitute, v
contend, v 1. , , 2. content, (pi.)
content, predic. , ; ~ with food
content, v 1. 2. to ~ oneself (with) contiguity, contiguous, adj
continuous, adj , , ; ~ performance
contradict, v ; to ~ facts ,
contradiction, 1. ; 2. contribute, v , ,
contribution, n ; ; to make a ~ to smth -.
control, ; , // v 1. , 2. ,; to ~ emotions, passions, anger , , ; to ~ oneself ,
controversial, adj ,
convergent, , ; ~ thinking convergence,
, v (with) ; to ~ with stress corroboration, ( ) corroborative, adj , cortex, cortical, adj ,
course, 1. , ; some - of events 2. ; the ~ of action 3. (, , ..), cram, v () cramming, ( ) crawl, v create, v , creation, ,
creative, adj , , creativity, , creature, 1., 2. ; criminal, // adj , criterion, {pi. -ria),
crude, adj 1. , ; ~ methods 2. ,; ~ manners 3. , , ; ~ facts cue, 1. , 2. ();
cumulative, adj ;
current, adj ; ; // ,
; ~ of thought
curve, (); learning ~
D
danger,
dangerous, adj
data, (pi. datum) ,
deaf, adj deafness, n
deal, v (dealt, dealt) ; to ~ with experience
deceive, v decrease, v ()
deduce, , ; to ~ an inference deduction, ; , (); to draw ~
deductive, adj ; ~ thinking ; -
method
define, v , ()
definite, adj , ,
definition, 1. , ; 2. , ;
degree, 1. ; ~ of confidence ; to a considerable ~ 2. , ; ; the ~ of doctor () 3. ; 30 ~s below zero 30
delay, /7 ; // v ; , deliberate, adj ; - distortion of facts
delight, , ; , delinquent, , // adj ,
deliver, v 1. ; to ~ a message 2. , ; to - a lecture dendrite, dendron,
depend (on; upon), v 1. ; ; to - on the situation 2. , , ; I'll depend on you dependence, 1. , 2. , ,
dependent, adj 1. , ; 2. ,
depress, v 1. , ; 2.
depression,
derivable, adj ,
derivation, 1. , ( -. ) 2. ; 3. ,
derive, v 1. , ; to ~ pleasure from his company 2. , 3. ; to ~ one's character from one's father describe, v , description, ;
design, 1. ; 2. ; 3. ,
design, v 1. ; ; 2. 3. ,; designate, v 1. , , 2. desirable, adj
desire, () // v ; , determinant,
determination, 1. ; 2. ,
determine, v 1. , 2. ,
detour, ; ~ experiment ,
develop, v 1. , ; to ~ one's knowledge 2. 3. , ; to ~ a theory
development, 1. , ; 2. ; ~ of a new method device, 1. , 2. , devise, v , ; ; ~ a plan
devote, v ; () ; devotion,
differentiate, v , , differentiation, , , digest, v 1. () 2. , ;
digestion, 1. , 2. (, ..);
digestive, adj ; ~ tract dim, adj , , ; ~ light ; ~ idea
dimension, 1. 2. pi. , ; of
considerable ~s
diminish, v , , (), () eliminate, v 1. , ; to ~ errors
2. ,
elimination, 1. ; ; 2. , emerge, v , emcgrence, , emphasis (pi. ses), , emphasize, v , , employ, v 1. ; 2. , ,
employment, 1. ; ; ; ( ) 2. ,
enable, v (-. ); his assistance ~ed her to get higher education
enclose, v 1. 2. , encourage, v 1. , 2. , encouragement, 1. 2. ; ; to give ~ to smb. -.
end, 1. 2. ; ; to accompish/gain one's ~ ; with this - in view , endeavour, () , , ; to make every ~ // v 1. , ; to ~ to win 2. , ( -.)
engage, v i. 2. (in, . pass.) , ; to be ~ed in research -
3. ; reading ~s all my spare time 4. to ~ oneself
enhance, v , ; to ~ one's achievements
enormous, ; ~ success enquiry, . inquiry
ensure, v , ; to - success environment, , ; environmental, adj , ,
equal, adj // v 1. , 2. (with) , ( -.)
equip, v 1. ; ; 2. , ( ..); to ~ children with a good education
equipment, n
equivalence, n ;
equivalent, ^', //n
error, n ; human ~ ,
escape, n // v , ; to ~ punishment
essential, adj ,
essentially, adv , , establish, v 1. , ; to ~ order 2. , ,; to ~ smb's name -.
estimate, v , // ; to form an ~ ;
estimation, 1. , , ; in my ~
2. ; to hold in ~ 3. , , ;
ocular ~ ()
evaluate, v
evaluation, ,
evaluative, adj
event, 1. , 2. 3.
eventually, adv
evidence, 1. , , 2. evident, d/, , evolution, ,
evolve, v 1. , ; to ~ a theory / 2. ,; to ~ into a human being /
excessive, ^', ; ~ motivation
excite, v 1. , 2. , ; to ~ interest (curiosity, envy) (, ) excited, adj , excitement, ,
exclude, v ; to ~ mistakes
exclusion,
exclusive, adj
exclusively, adv ; ;
exist, v 1. , ; 2. , ,
existence, 1. , ; the ~ of a fact 2. ,
expand, v ; to - knowledge
Expansion, n
expect, v , , ; we ~ed the child to escape the startling stimulus ,
expectancy, 1. 2. experience, ()
experienced, adj , ; ~ investigator experiment, ,
experimental, adj 1., 2.
,
experimentation,
experimenter,
exploration,
explore, v ,
expose, v 1. ; to ~ to danger 2. , ; ; to ~ one's feelings
exposition, 1. ; ; 2. , ;
extent, n 1 , ; to some ~ 2. , ; ~ of error 3. , ; , ; the - of knowledge / external, adj extinction, extinguish, v ; to get ~ed
extreme, , ; //n extremely, adv ; ; extremist, ,
F
fail, v ; ( ); to ~ in life ; he ~ed in mathematics 2. , ; you ~ed me 3. (to ~ to do smth) , -.; they failed to complete the experiment
failure, n 1. , 2. , (-.) 3. 4. ; ~ to keep a promise
familiar, adj , ; to be ~ (with smb/ smth) ( -./-.)
fatigue, n , ; bodily - fault, 1. ; 2. 3. ; faultless, adj , ; ~ behaviour
faulty, adj 1. ; ; ~ digestion 2. , ; ~ argument fear,
feature, 1. , ; , 2. (.
fibre, ; nerve ~
figure, 1. 2. , , ( ) 3. , ;
filter, v (.out) , ; to ~ out irrelevant information finding, 1. 2. pi. ; flexible, adj
flourishing, adj , ;.- branch
focus, (pi. foci, -ses) // v ; to ~ attention follow, v
force, v 1. , ; to ~ smb. to do smth. -. -. 2. 3. -. ; to ~ smile
force, 1. , 2. 3. ; ;
frequency, frequent, adj frequently, adv
frontal, ad/', ; ~ bone fulfil, v 1. ; ; to ~ one's duties 2. ,; to ~ conditions
function, // v , ;
2. ,
functional, ; ~ approach
G
gag, v 1. 2. ( ) 3. gain, v 1. ; ; to ~ experience 2. , 3. ; ; to ~ one's
end 4. , ; to ~ in weight
gain, , , ; ~ in weight 2. pi. 3 ; inexpected - game,
general, adj ; ~ knowledge generalization,
generalize, v 1. ; ; to - from facts 2. ; () ; to ~ the use of a new method
generation, 1. ; the rising ~
2. , ;
gentle, adj , , ; ~ mother genuine, adj , , ; ~ understanding gerontology,
gland, 1. ; sweat ~ 2. /. goal,
gradual, adj ; ; - process
gradually, adv ;
grant, // v 1. 2. ( -.)
3. , ; to take for ~ed
grasp, v 1. ; , ( ); to ~ a ring 2. ; ; to ~ the meaning of a word
ground, 1. ; figure and ~ 2. , , ; on the ~s that , ... 3. , ( ); forbidden ~ 4. ; ; ; the ~s of a theory group, ; experimental ~ ; peer ~ // v grown-up, () // adj
habit, , habitual, adj
harm, , ; to do ~ to smb -. // v , ; ; to ~ smb's reputation -.
harsh, adj ; - punishment ; ~ to the taste ; ~ to the ear
hearing, n 1. ; hard of - 2. ; to be within - ; to be out of - height,
hereditary, ,
heredity,
heritage,
homogeneous,
human, adj ; ~ being
hunger, 1. ; 2. ; ,
; ~ for knowledge
hungry, adj
hypothesis (/;/. -theses),
I
identification, 1. , ; , 2. , identify, v 1. , 2. ,
illusion, ; visual - illusory, adj , , image,
imagery, , imaginary, adj , imagination, imagine, v ,
impair, v I. , ; to - the strength of the argument 2. ; ; to ~ one's health 3. , , impasse,
impersonal, adj 1. , ; an - point of view 2. ; ~ sentence impetus, , , ; to give an ~ to smth -., -. implication, ()
implicit, adj 1. , , ; - meaning 2. , , ; ~ trust imply, v ; ,
9-1756
impress, v 1. , ; to ~ smb -. 2. (on, upon) , ( ); to ~ one's views on/upon others impress, , , , (-.) impression, 1. ; to make/produce an ~ on smb -.; multi-dimensional ~ of the world 2. , ; the ~ of fingers
impressive, adj , ; ~ gesture ; ~ speech improve, v (), (); to ~ one's talent ; to ~ conditions improvement, (/;/.) , ; signs of ~
impulse, ; ; ; ; a man of ~ inability, inborn, adj
incentive, , , ; the true to
scientific research
incident, , ;
incidental, adj ; ; ~ interest
inclination, , ; to have an ~ for music
include, v ,
inclusion,
increase, v ; , ; ;
to ~ one's knowledge
increase, , , ; gradual ~
indefinite, adj independence, , independent, adj 1. ; ~ variable 2. 3. ; ~ proof
indicate, v , ; , ; to ~ changes
indication, 1. , , ; an ~ of weariness 2. ()
indicator, 1. , ; outer ~ 2. , ()
indirect, adj , ; ~ speech 130 indiscriminately, adv , individual, adj , // , individuality, 1. 2. 3.
induce, v 1. , ; ( -.); to ~ smb to do smth -. - 2. ; ; to ~ fatigue 3. .
induction, . ; logical ~ inductive, adj . ; ~ thinking ; ~ method infancy, , infant, /7 ,
infantile, adj 1. , ; ; ~ mind 2. infer, ,
inference, , ; ; to draw an ~ from smth. -. inflexible, adj ,
influence, v (smb/smth) ( -./-.) // (on smb/smth)
( -./-.); to exert ~ on smth -.
informal, adj
ingredient, ,
inherit, ,
inheritance, 1. 2. 3. ,
inherited, adj ;
initial, adj , ; ; the ~ symptoms of a disease
initiate, v 1. ; ; to ~ work
2. ; to - a method
3. , (, ..); to ~ smb into a trade - inject, v ; to ~ a drug into the body injection,
innovation, , inquiry, , () insecure, adj , , ; ~ position
insecurity, , insight, , ,
instance, ; ; familiar ~
instead of, prep , ; - me
integrate, v , ;
integration, ; ; intellect, , ;
intellectual, adj , ; ; ~ faculties // 1. 2.
intelligence, , ; intelligent, ,
intense, adj , , ; - pain
intensity, ; stimulus ~ intensive, adj 1. ; ; ; ~ development ; - attention 2. , ; ~ study intention, ,
interaction, , ; family ~
interchange, // v
interest, ; ; to show (lose) ~ in smth/smb () -./-.; to take (an) - in smb/smth -./-.
interested, ^', ; to be ~ in smth -.
interfere, v , ; don't ~ with my work
interference, , ; internal, adj intimacy, , , intimate, ,
intricate, adj , ; ~ system intrinsic, adj 1. 2. , (-.),
introspection, , ,
intuition,
intuitive, ^'
investigate, v ,
investigation, ,
investigator,
invisible, adj
involuntary, adj
involve, v 1. ; 2. , 3. to be ~ed (in) ; involvement, 1. 2. irrelevant, /, irrevocable, adj , ; ~ decision
isolate, v , , isolation,
issue, 1. , 2. , , 3. , ( ..) item, , ; ()
J
judge, v , ( -.); judgement, n I. , , ; a false ~ 2. ,
key,
L
label, ,
lability, , ; emotional ~
lack, v 1. ( -.), ( -.); to ~ patience // , ; () , ; ~ of knowledge language, n 1. 2. latency, , latent, adj , ; ~ learning launching, (-.); the ~ of psychology law, n 1. 2. ( ..) learn, v 1. (-.) 2. , 3. learning, n 1. ; simple ~ ; complex ~ 2. ,; the ~ oflanguages least (superl. little), adv , ; ~ of all , ; at ~ level,
lever, ; to depress ~
light, ,
light, adj 1. 2. ,
likely, adj 1. (. predic) ; ; he is ~ to come , 2. ; ; ~ account
limit, v 1. , 2. // ,
limitation, 1. , 2. , 3.
link, () ; // v , , local, adj ; ~ dialect localization, ; ~ of functions localize, v 1. , 2.
locate, v ; location,
make-up, , , , (); internal - ; physiological ~
mammal,
manifest, v , ; ; to ~ desire to do smth -.
manifest, adj , , ; ~ truth (error) ()
manifestation, ; mark, 1. , 2. , , mark, v 1. , 2. , ; , 3. , mastery, , ; matter, 1. ; ; living ~ 2. , ; what's the ~? ? 3. ( ..); ~ of dispute // v ( . , ) ; it ~s a lot to me ; it doesn't - ; maturate, mature, v , ( ) maturation, , , , mature, adj maturity,
maximization, , maximize, v , maze, ; a spatial ~ ; elevated ~ ; paper and pencil ~
mean (meant, meant), v 1. ; to ~ to do smth 2. , ; what do you ~? ? 3. ; what docs the word ~? ? 4. ; to ~ much to smb -.
mean, adj 1. ; ~ temperature 2.
3. , ; ~ creature /
meaning, ,
meaningful, adj ,
meaningless, adj
means, (. . . .) , ; - of communication ; by ~ of ; by all ~ , ; by no ~ , measure, v ; // , measurement, /?
mediate, v , // adj 1. 2.
memory, ; short-term ~ ; long-term ~ memorize, v memorization,
mental, adj 1. 2. 3. mentor, , , message,
method, 1. ; the experimental ~ ; the observation ~ 2. , ; to work without ~ mirror, ; ~ drawing mob,
moderate, adj 1. , ; ~ abilities ; ~ visibility 2. ; , ; ~ man // v , , ; to ~ one's demands modification, , , (, ..)
modify, v 1. , 2. , ; to ~ one's
demands 3. .
mood, ,
motion, 1. 2. ,
motivate, v 1. 2. ()
motivation, ; extrinsic ~ ; internal ~
motive, , , //^',
motor, adj
mould, v 1. , 2. // , 2.
movement, 1. , , 2. ,
N
natural, adj 1. , ; ~ sciences 2. ,
nature, 1. 2. 3. , 4. , 5. , , need, ; negate, v , negation, 1. 2. negative, adj ,
nerve, , // adj ; ~ fibre
nervous, adj 1. , ; ~ system 2. , , net(work) ; ~ of fibres neurological, adj
neuron, ; connecting ~ ; motor ~ non-random, numerical, adj
nurture, v ; // ; ; ~ of the mind
object, 1. 2. 3.
object, v (to smth) , , objective, adj 1. 2. 3. , //
obligation, 1. ; to undertake / assume ~s 2 ; ; ~ of conscience observation,
observe, v , ; to ~ one's behaviour
observer,
obtain, v , , ; to ~ experience occasion, n 1. 2. , 3.
4. , ,
occasional, adj
occur, v ,
occurrence, ,
onset, ; the ~ of a disease
operate, v 1. ; to ~ under a theory
-. 2. (on) , ; to ~ on the
brain 3. ; to ~ a machine
operation, 1. ; ; ; in ~ 2. , ; the ~ of a drug
3. ; to undergo an ~
4.
opinion, ; ; ; public ~ ; in my ~ -,
opportunity, ; ; to take the ~ (of)
oppose, v 1. ; to ~ force with reason 2 ; , ; to ~ a plan opposite, adj ; ~ views order, n 1. , ; chronological ~ 2. ; , 3. , ; 4. 5. , ; 6. . , 7. in ~ to , // v 1. 2. , origin, ; ; ; the ~ of species ; ~ of coordinates original, adj 1. 2. 3. originally, adv
outweigh, v 1. , 2. ; overview, ()
pain, 1. ; to remove ~ 2. pi. , , ; to take ~s
pair, // v , , ; to ~ a light with a bell partial, adj
participate, v ; to ~ in smth -.
participation, n ; ~ in a research particular, adj 1. , ; ; ~ case 2. , ; ; the ~ advantages of smth -. 3. , , ; my own ~ sentiment 4.
pathway, ;
