10. , :
In the country where Mr. Hall lives: , - :
a) the maximum temperature }is 30 Centigrade a) } 30
the upper temperature limit
) the minimum temperature }is 0 . ) } 0 .
the lower temperature limit
) the average }temperature is 15 C. ) } - 15 C.
the mean
1. The maximum speed of this car is 130 kilometres per hour. The minimum speed is 5 km per hour. So the average speed is 67.5 km per hour. 2. The motor gives the maximum power for the minimum weight.
1. 130 . 5 . 67,5 . 2 .
11. , :
hand () numbers ()
the hand of a man ( ) the number of the lesson ( )
the hand of a clock ( ) the number of students ( )
the hand of a compass ( ) a number of examples ( )
product () unit ()
the product of industry
( ) the unit of length ( )
the product of conversion the unit of mass ( )
( ) the unit of a motor ( )
the product of multiplication ( )
12. , :
of: the pressure of water, to speak of something, one of them ( , -, )
to: to show to the students, to go to the factory, to turn to the right ( , , )
by: to operate by hand, to speak by telephone, by means of a battery, to sit by the window ( , , , )
with: to illustrate with tables, to write with a pencil, a tube with water, to speak with our friends
about: to speak about the lecture, to do about 15 experiments ( , , , : , 15 )
13. , :
difference atmospheric pressure difference ( )
length the wave-length, the light wave-length ( , )
phenomenon nature phenomenon ( )
laboratory physics laboratory, institute physics laboratory ( , )
measurements pressure measurements, gas pressure measurements ( , )
14. , , . :
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1. he experiments, his experiments, they experiment, their experiment, these experiments, this experiment. ( , , , , , )
2. a measure, he measures, the measures, this measure, it measures, measure, no measure, does not measure.(, , , , , , , )
3. it lights, its lights, the light, they light, their light, some light, no Hght, any light, do they light. ( , , , , , , , , )
15. , of, to, with, by, about. :
1. Mr. Hall delivers lectures to the students of a technical college.
2. He always comes to his work in time.
3. The volume of a millilitre is equal to a cubic centimetre.
4. The students always try to make experiments with their own hands.
5. Sometimes they make experiments with the help of their professors assistants.
6. Mr. Hall tries to illustrate his lectures with numerous tables and figures.
7. There is something interesting about the properties of this gas in Mr. Halls scientific paper.
8. By some experiments the lecturer illustrates the measurement of gas pressure.
16. , :
Some laboratory assistants work ( )
Laboratory assistants do not work ( )
No laboratory assistants work ( )
None of the laboratory assistants works ( ) } here between and 4 oclock
Not a single laboratory assistants works ( )
Nobody works ( )
Laboratory assistants never work ( )
)
) .
1. This clement has () several important properties. ( .)
2. There is (-) something in the tube. ( - .)
3. There is () not difference between these two figures. ( .)
4. ( - ) Anyone works in the laboratory () each morning. (- .)
5. My friends always go ( - ) somewhere in summer. ( - .)
6. (, ) All makes experiments in the laboratories. ( .)
7. He says () nothing about his tests. ( .)
8. Do you give your books to all ()? ( ?)
9. ( ) None student uses these instruments. ( .)
10. The teachers assistant measures () everything with a great degree of accuracy. ( .)
11. She never says () nothing about her studies. ( .)
18. :
) to be to have
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1. The temperature of the water is 43C. The temperature of the water is not 43C. Is the temperature of the water is 43C?
2. Mr. Hall has some assistants. Mr. Hall has not some assistants. Has Mr. Hall some assistants?
3. There was somebody in the laboratory in the morning. There was not somebody in the laboratory in the morning.
Was there somebody in the laboratory in the morning?
)
1. They take readings every 30 seconds. They not take readings every 30 seconds. Is take them readings every 30 seconds?
2. The professors assistant always shows us experiments in the laboratory. The professors assistant not always shows us experiments in the laboratory. Does the professors assistant always show us experiments in the laboratory?
3. My friends go somewhere in summer. My friends not go somewhere in summer. Does my friends go somewhere in summer?
19. :
| In scientific work | we | measure | volume | in cubic centimetres. |
1. Our lecturesbeginat 6 oclock in the evening.
2. The studentsmeasuregas pressureat the laboratory.
3. On Mondays and FridaysMr. Blackdeliverslecturesat the college.
20. ) ; ) :
1. countries, the metric system, use, most, now. Most countries use the metric system now. .
2. begin, never, at 7 oclock, in the morning, the lectures. The lectures never begin at 7 oclock in the morning. 7 .
3. work, in the evening, Mr. Hall, does not, on Fridays. Mr. Hall does not work in the evening on Fridays. - .
4. Krypton 86, give off, does, white light? Does give off Krypton 86 white light? 86 ?
21. :
TEXT . MEASURING TEMPERATURE
There are several scales for measuring temperature. On the Centigrade scale the boiling point of water is fixed at 100 (one hundred degrees), its freezing point is at 0 (zero). The equivalent points on the
Fahrenheit scale are at 212 and 32. When it is necessary to convert temperature readings from the Fahrenheit scale to the Centigrade, we subtract 32 and multiply by 5/9. Sometimes scientists use the Absolute scale (Kelvin) in which the temperature is measured in degrees Centigrade from the point at which molecular motion ceases. Absolute zero is -273.1C. The instruments measuring temperature, the thermometers, are nearly identical but each has a different scale. Most thermometers use mercury an agent and we call them mercury thermometers. But at temperatures below -39C mercury freezes and becomes a solid. And so for measuring very high and very low temperatures we use electrical thermometers.
22 :
1 What temperature scale do we use in Russia?
a) Fahrenheit; b) Kelvin; c) Centigrade
2 What is the boiling point of water on the Fahrenheit scale?
' a) 100; b) 212; c) 373
3 When do we use mercury thermometers?
a) to measure very high temperatures;
b) to measure very low temperatures;
c) to measure average temperatures
* 23. () :
) 1. boiling point - ; 2. to measure low temperature - ; 3. temperature readings - ; 4 molecular motion - ; 5. freezing point - ; 6. to measure high temperature
) 1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6.
3.
Exercises
1. i:
[ji inch, pick, since, switch, thin, inner, middle, simple, silver,
con'sist, sub'mit, un'til, pre'dict, resist
[:] first, third, circle, firm, birth, 'dirty, circular
[ail slide, rise, mile, lie, prize, strike, giant, mines, vital, crisis,
de'cide, pre'cise, sur'prise, fmd, kind, be'hind, child, mild, high,
light.
[aI3j wire, tire, spire, hire, tired, 'spiral, de'sire, en'tire, ad'mire,
via, bias, dial, trial, 'violet
[i:] field, brief, piece, chief, a'chieve, be'lieve
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2. , j pH qu:
[dj] jet, jib, job, jaw, jibe, jail, jacket, subject
[f] phase, phrase, photo, phone, telephone, cipher, sphere,.atmos'phere
[kw] square, equal, liquid, quick, quite, quantum, quarter, quantity,
quality, e'quipment, e'quivalent, e'quation
3. -tion ~ity,
:
action, e'quation, ad'dition, sub'traction,.gravi'tation, density, quality,
quantity, a'bility, ac'tivity, fa'cility,.curi'osity,.rela'tivity,.elas'ticity
4. , . :
)
1. You normally measure the length of lines in centimetres. Measure the length of this line in millimetres. 1. . .
2. The students define the pressure of the gas only in one tube. Let them define the pressure of the gas in all the experimental tubes. 2. . .
3. We usually hang some drawings of geometrical figures on the blackboard before lectures on geometry. Let us hang the table with geometrical symbols too. 3. . .
4. I often do this experiment with our teachers help. Let me do it myself now. 4. . .
)
1. You usually dont turn on the light in the daytime. Dont turn it on now. 1. . .
2. We dont fix this instrument during the experiments. Dont lets fix it now. 2. . .
5. Past Indefinite , -rd ( 44):
Ask, help, look, develop, fix, like, produce, express, show, turn, pull, explain, answer, deliver, wonder, use, live, solve, define, continue, change, measure, try, study, multiply, occupy, want, convert, present, subtract, divide.
*Asked, helped, looked, developed, fixed, liked, produced, expressed, showed, turned, pulled, explained, answered, delivered, wondered, used, lived, solved, defined, continued, changed, measured, tried, studied, multiplied, occupied, wanted, converted, presented, subtracted, divided.
6. :
1. Define (Present) the value of a. You defined (Past) it correctly. Now you will define (Future) the value of b
2. He works (Present) much at his paper. Last week he worked (Past) 10 hours a day. Now he has an interval in his work. In some days he will continue (future) his work.
3. Lets measure (present) the dimensions of the cube. It will help us to define its volume.
4. Last Monday the teacher delivered (past) a lecture on geometrical figures and their dimensions. Next week he will explain (future) to us the difference between the metric and imperial systems.
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5. We had (past) only a few laboratories at our institute some years ago now we have a lot of them. In a year or two we will have (future) a special building for laboratories.
1. "a". . "b". 2. . 10 . . . 3. . . 4. . . 5. . . .
7. , , :
1. Mathematics is an important subject for technical students because it is applied to all branches of sciences.
2. The international system of measures and weights is called metric system as it is based on the metre and the kilogramme.
3. We subtract 32 and multiply by 5/9 when we convert temperature readings from Fahrenheit scale to the Centigrade.
4. We will begin a new experiment after you show us the results of your last experiment.
5. He will define other parameters provided you tell him the weight of the solid.
6. In case the new substance has the property to freeze quickly, it will be of great importance for our work.
1. - , . 2. , . 3. 32 5/9, . 4. , . 5. , , . 6. - .
International Words
8. ) , . , ( 144). , ,
) , .
.
academy , clerk , colleague , contact , energy , journal , photoelectric , physicist , physics , problem -
quantum , real , republic , revolutionary , socialist , talented , university -
, . , .
effect - prize -
idea - revolution -
:
, 14 , 1879. . 21, , . 1905 . . . , . " " . E = mc2, .
. . . ? ?
, . , , , : " . , , . "
, . . , . "
1921 .
. .
1922 . 14 , 1979 20 .
9. :
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1. Who was Einstein? Albert Einstein, a well-known German physicist and mathematician.
2. When and where was he born? Was born in Germany on March 14, 1879.
3. What discoveries did Einstein make in 1905? He published three papers in the field of physics and mathematics.
4. In what equation did he express his theory of relativity? Einstein expressed his theory in the equation E = mc2, roughly that energy equals mass times the square of the speed of light.
5. Did many scientists of that time understand the importance of discovery? All over the world scientists read the work with great surprise. Few physicists understood its importance at that time. Everybody wanted to know as much as possible about the author.
6. What prize did Einstein get in 1921? In 1921 Einstein got the Nobel Prize in physics not for the theory of relativity but for a logical explanation of the photoelectric effect.
7. What anniversary did people throughout the world celebrate in 1979? On March 14, 1979 by UNESCO decision all people throughout the world celebrated the birth centenary of the great 20th century scientist.
WORD STUDY
10. . .
-ity: equal, human, activ(e), relativ(e), productiv(e) - , , , , /
equality, humanity, activity, relativity, productivity - , , , ,
.ness: thick, black, great, rough - , , ,
thickness, blackness, greatness, roughness - , , ,
-ance: import(ant), assist(ant), dist(ant) - , ,
importance, assistance, distance - , ,
-nce: different), depend(ent), pres(ent), exist - , , ,
difference, dependence, presence, existence - , , ,
-ency: effici(ent), depend(ent) - ,
efficiency, dependency - ,
-age: us(e), pass, break, leak - , , ,
usage, passage, breakage, leakage - , , ,
11. :
the us age of a word; the simplic ity of the equation; the expression of relativ ity; the rough ness of the surface; temperat ure read ing s; atom struct ure; the solut ion of the problem; the productiv ity of a work er; the effici ency of the method; the equal ity of posit ion s
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
12. , :
a) The theory of the field the field theory
the speed of light the light speed
the forces of gravitation the gravitation forces
the clerk in an office an office clerk
6) The knowledge of the people the peoples knowledge
the economy of the country the countrys economy
a newspaper of yesterday yesterday s newspaper
6)
) the advice of the scientist the scientists advice
the magnetism of the earth the earths magnetism
the energy of the sun the suns energy
)
* 14. , , . .
1. (to define) and (to explain) the terms of this equation. 1. Define and explain the terms of this equation. .
2. (to draw) a line and (to divide) it into three equal parts. 2. Draw a line and divide it into three equal parts. .
3. (not to change) the speed of the motor motion. 3. Do not to change the speed of the motor motion. , .
4. (to present) your paper in time. 4. Present your paper in time. .
5. (not to begin) your experiment now. It's already late. 5. Begin your experiment now. It's already late. . .
15. , , :
1. Let us ask the professor about the difference between the met and imperial systems. 1. .
2. Dont let him solve this equation. We have already the answer. 2. . .
3. Let them freeze the liquid in the tube and then measure its volt. 3. .
4. Let her illustrate my explanation with an example. 4. .
5. Let me help him in his laboratory work. 5. .
16.
Hung, stood, began, put, read, gave, were, said, had, came, did, got, knew, made, saw, was, took, thought, told.
To hung, to stood, to began, to put, to read, to gave, to were, to said, to had, to came, to did, to got, to knew, to made, to saw, to was, to took, to thought, to told
17. , :
1. Nobody knew Einstein till 1905. 1905.
2. Einstein never proved his discoveries experimentally. .
3. The students will not solve this problem without their teachers help. .
4. The experiment added nothing new to our knowledge of properties of this substance. .
5. My school friend had no ability in mathematics. .
6. There were not many changes in the properties of the solid under test.
18. , , Indefinite (Present, Past, Future). .
1. Albert Einstein (to be) born in 1879 in Germany. When he was 12 he (to begin) his study of mathematics and physics. Later he (to continue) his studies at the University. 1. Albert Einstein was born in 1879 in Germany. When he was 12 he began his study of mathematics and physics. Later he continued his studies at the University. 1879 . 12 , . .
2. Einstein (to present) his theory of relativity in 1905. His famous equation (to say) that energy (to equal) mass times the square of the speed of light. The great discovery (to surprise) the scientists of the world. 2. Einstein presents his theory of relativity in 1905. His famous equation says that energy equals mass times the square of the speed of light. The great discovery surprises the scientists of the world. 1905. , . .
3. The people of our country (to produce) a lot of geniuses such as Lomonosov, Mendeleyev, Lobachevsky and others. Now our country (to have) a great number of brilliant scientists in all fields of knowledge. 3. The people of our country produces a lot of geniuses such as Lomonosov, Mendeleyev, Lobachevsky and others. Now our country have a great number of brilliant scientists in all fields of knowledge. , , , . .
