: .
:
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. .
( 4.1) : ( 1.1), ( 4.2).
4.1
( ) | |||||||||||
9, 1 | 1, 2 | 10, 3 | 7, 4 | 1, 5 | 7, 6 | 10, 7 | 5, 8 | 7, 9 | 4, 10 | ||
10, 11 | 2, 12 | 3, 13 | 5, 14 | 2, 15 | 3, 16 | 8, 17 | 5, 18 | 5, 19 | 10, 20 | ||
6, 21 | 8, 22 | 3, 23 | 9, 24 | 4, 25 | 1, 1 | 7, 2 | 1, 3 | 10, 4 | 7, 5 | ||
10, 6 | 7, 7 | 10, 8 | 5, 9 | 10, 10 | 4, 11 | 3, 12 | 2, 13 | 3, 14 | 8, 15 | ||
8, 16 | 3, 17 | 10, 18 | 4, 19 | 7, 20 | 8, 21 | 12, 22 | 8, 23 | 2, 24 | 3, 25 | ||
9, 1 | 1, 2 | 10, 3 | 7, 4 | 1, 5 | 7, 6 | 10, 7 | 5, 8 | 7, 9 | 4, 10 | ||
10, 11 | 2, 12 | 3, 13 | 5, 14 | 2, 15 | 3, 16 | 8, 17 | 5, 18 | 5, 19 | 10, 20 | ||
6, 21 | 8, 22 | 3, 23 | 9, 24 | 4, 25 | 1, 1 | 7, 2 | 1, 3 | 10, 4 | 7, 5 | ||
10, 6 | 7, 7 | 10, 8 | 5, 9 | 10, 10 | 4, 11 | 3, 12 | 2, 13 | 3, 14 | 8, 15 | ||
8, 16 | 3, 17 | 10, 18 | 4, 19 | 7, 20 | 8, 21 | 12, 22 | 8, 23 | 2, 24 | 3, 25 |
1. - 6×19+1 .. 2688-80. 2.
2. : , ( 4.1)
,
,
,
h1 ( 2).
4.2
Q, | v, / | H, | ||
2,0 | 0,05 | 8 | ||
2,5 | 0,12 | 7 | ||
3,2 | 0,06 | 6 | ||
4,0 | 0,12 | 5 | ||
5,0 | 0,17 | 4 | ||
6,3 | 0,2 | 3 | ||
8,0 | 0,12 | 2 | ||
10,0 | 0,08 | 1 | ||
12,5 | 0,13 | 6 | ||
14,0 | 0,1 | 5 | ||
16,0 | 0,15 | 4 | ||
18,0 | 0,12 | 3 | ||
20,0 | 0,15 | 2 | ||
25,0 | 0,07 | 1 | ||
32,0 | 0,08 | 4 | ||
40,0 | 0,07 | 3 | ||
20,0 | 0,12 | 2 | ||
0,15 | 1 | |||
12,5 | 0,2 | 4 | ||
10,0 | 0,3 | 1 | ||
40,0 | 0,05 | 2 | ||
50,0 | 0,07 | 3 | ||
30,0 | 0,06 | 1 | ||
2,0 | 0,08 | 2 | ||
10,0 | 0,01 | 3 |
|
|
|
|
,
L = Lp + L,
L = 2 (Lp + L) +L.
Lp , ; L , , ; L , .
,
L = 2 (Zp + Z3) t,
Zp ,
,
Z3 (Z3 = 1,5...2); t ( , + (2...3) ); , ; u .
, ,
L = (34)t.
LH = 150...200 .
(L > 4D6), ( ) .
,
,
Z .
,
.
3. , .. , . , .
,
,
α (αZ =1,4 αZ =1,7 ).
, , Fk ; Fk, LH , .
, :
,
M , H∙; W , 3.
.
,
( ; ), H∙; Wp , 3.
.
,
, ( 4.3).
4.3 [ σ ][6]
σ, | σ, | , , | |||||
1 | 2, 3 | 4 | 5, 6 | 7, 8 | |||
: | |||||||
3 | |||||||
092-12 | |||||||
15 | |||||||
35-1 | |||||||
55-1 | |||||||
: | |||||||
15 | |||||||
18 | |||||||
24 |
|
|
4. , ,
,
η ( 0,9).
( 3.3 3.4). : , n, Ip, , .
, ∙
,
ω , -1.
5. , /
,
.
, n Pp = P up ≈ u.
6. , ∙
,
.
k1 , , k1 =1,2; k2 , ( 1...3 k2=1,1; 4 k2 =1,2; 5 k2 =1,3; 6 k2 =1,5); k (1M... k =1,5; 4 k =1,75; 5, 6 k =2; 7, 8 k =2,5); Tc (), ∙.
.
7. 3.
:
≤,
.
8. , /2
,
t , . t =1...2 .
.
; Ip , ∙2; I , ∙2; I , , ∙2, δ , ( δ =1,1); . . ( 3), ∙.
.
5