: , , , ( ) , γ≤l ..
= [σ]γ-
, r= 1, . γ
γ = 1/[(a b)−(a b )r] ≤ 1
r=σmin/σmax σ σmin , : , − .
b γ . 1.
, .(. ) , , , . .
1 ,
, , | 0,75 | 0,3 | ||
0,8 | 0,3 | |||
1,0 3,4; 1,0 4,4 .
11: , ?
:
:
I
I = I
I = I- 10 ,
S
A = I S
σ = / I δ ≤ [σ]
= I δ ≤ [σ] ,
= I δ ≤ [σ] ,
[σ] , -
[σ]
12: , ?
: , , .
= 2 [τ] β k l
= 2 [τ] β k l
α
= [τ] β k l
α
β
k -
l
[τ]