; ; .
52.1.
, . . . , , ( ) . . ; . :
1. R , 2p. [ R ] = /2.
2. , l l + d l, : . () [ ] = /3. .
3. a l ,T l l + dl :
. ; : .
r *l, T :
, (52.1)
h ; c ; k ; λ - ;
, r l, T , :
(52.2)
(52.2) , , , . .52.1 . , , , .
, , . , (2600) , . , . ( Ļ), , , , (.. ). Ļ .
|
|
. .52.2. () 1 2, 3 . λ λ +Δλ, . Δ (52.2)
.
Δ λ1 λ2 Δλ1 Δλ2
, , (52.3)
a 1 a 2 (), λ1 λ2 . , Δ1 Δ2 Δλ1 Δλ2, :
Δ1 = 1 a 1 r *1 Δλ1, Δ2 = 2 a 2 r *2 Δλ2, (52.4)
1 2 . , Δ1 Δ2 . 1 2 , , .. , .
, .
r 1* r 2* (52.1). ,
,
C 1 = 2π hc 2 = 3,742 ۰ 10-16 ۰ 2, C 2 = hc / k = 1,439 ۰ 10-2 ۰ .
. = 3000,
λ = 1. : . . , ( ).
.
.
|
|
(52.5)
U Δ, :
U = Δ S F 0, (52.6)
U - ([ U ]=); S ([ S ]=/); F 0 . , λ1 λ2 S . Δλ D α, (.52.2):
. (52.7)
(52.6) (52.7) (52.5) :
. (52.8)
. , 1,0 1,4 1600 2800 , a 1/ a 2 5%. D 2 /D 1 (52.8) , , . (52.8), , .
. (52.9)
(52.9) , Z o Z λ1 λ2 ( ) , U 2 / U 1, . Z o, , .
(52.3),(52.4) (52.6) U :
, (52.10)
S .
, (52.10), Δλ Δλ, (52.7):
. (52.11)
(52.11) :
, (52.12)
F U , (52.11). .
F :
, (52.13)
U 1 , , , , λ1 = 1,0 T. .52.1. (52.1).
52.1
λ1 = 1,0
T, | |
0,390 | |
0,386 | |
0,380 | |
0,373 | |
0,370 | |
0,370 | |
0,367 |
, .. . .52.3. 1 ( ) 2 - , () . 3, , . j 4. 2 (.52.2). . -4, II.
|
|
5 ( -30) : 400 6000 .
1. I 1, 1.
2. φ1 φ2 , λ1 = 1,0 λ2 = 1,4 , U 1 U 2 ( λ(φ) ). U 1 U 2 .
3. 0,48 3,10 U . 10○ -4, 4○.
4. 2-3 ό I 2, , 2 > 1.