. , , , , . , , .
, columna vertebralis, 32-34 , . 17-25 5 3-5 , , 2 .
7 , 12 , 5 , .
, vertebra, , corpus vertebrae, , arcus vertebrae, , foramen vertebrae. , . : 2 , processus articularis superiors, 2 , processus articularis inferiors; , processus transverses, , , , processus spinosus. , incissurae vertebralis, , .
, vertebrae cervicals, . III VII . . : , foramen transversarium. . , , , , , . , VII , , .
VI , . , . (), .
I, II VII . , , atlas, , : , arcus anterior arcus posterior, - , massae laterales. , facies articularis superior, . , facies articularis inferior massae lateralis, . . , arcus anterior, , tuberculum anterius, - , , fovea dentis, - . , , tuberculum posterius.
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, , axis, epistropheus, - , , dens epistrophei. , , . .
, vertebrae thoracales, 12, ; I XII . , . , . ( ).
: , foveae costales superiors inferiors, . , XI XII, . 2 . - I, XI, XII , .
, vertebrae lumbales, 5, . , , , .. . V , . , , , . , , , , , processus costarius. , , , processus accessorius. , , , . , , . .
, vertebrae sacrales, 5, , os sacrum. , os sacrum), . , basis ossis sacri, V , , apex ossis sacri, I . - , symphysis sacrococcygea. , , , , facies auriculares, , . , , , , facies pelvina, , facies dorsalis, ( ). , 4 , lineae transversae. , , , foramina sacralia anteriora, , canalis sacralis. , . , , , crista sacralis media, . , crista sacralis media, . , , crista sacralis media , crista sacralis articularis; , ( , processus accessorii), , , , crista sacralis lateralis. , foramina sacralia posteriora, , , , , foramina interverlebralia. , basis ossis sacri, V , - , promontorium, . , , , processus articulares superiores. , , , canalis sacralis, , hiatus sacralis. , , - , cornua sacralia, hiatus sacralis. , partes laterales, , , - , , , cristae sacrales laterales. S- , facies auricularis, - . , , , tuberositas sacralis, - - , ligamenta sacroillaca interossea.
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, vertebrae coccygeae, 4-5, , , , os coccygis, - , symphysis sacrococcygea. , . , , , processus transversi, , , cornua coccygea.
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.
. - , disci intervertebrales. , . .
, , : (ligamentum longitudinale anterius et posterius).
, ligg. flava, , ligg. intertransversaria, , ligg.interspinalia, , lig.supraspinale. .
, , , , . 2 - , articularis sacrococcygea, (, , - ).
, , , artt.zygapophysiales. ; , , .
, .
, art.atlantooccipitalis. , : ( ), . .
, I II , 4 , : 2 , artt.atlantoaxialis laterals, - , 1 , art.atlantoaxialis mediana, , . : , , , . .
, , 60-75, 60-65. 3-7.
:
- , ,
- ,
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- ,
- , ,
-
. . . 25% .
, .
, . ( ) . ( ) - . VII . . , . . . 3-4. , . 4-5 . , . 25 . , .