, , . .
2.2.1. Cl-. AgCl, , NH3, , :
Ag+ + Cl- = AgCl¯;
AgCl¯ + 2NH3 = [Ag(NH3)2]+ + Cl-.
AgCl Ag+ .
. 1-2 2-3 6 1-2 AgNO3. , NH3 12% (NH4)2CO3, Cl-. . AgCl .
2.2.2. Br-. Br- - AgBr:
Br- + Ag+ = AgBr¯.
, 25% .
. 2-3 2 HNO3 2-3 AgNO3. Br-, - .
. Br- , () :
2Br- + Cl2 D Br2 + 2Cl-.
. 3-4 2-3 H2SO4, 0,5 2-3 . Br-, .
2.2.3. J. J AgJ, HNO3 ( AgCl AgBr):
Ag+ +J- = AgJ¯.
AgJ 䳺 1 H2SO4:
2AgJ¯ + Zn¯ = Zn2+ + 2J- + 2Ag¯.
. 1-2 2-3 6 HNO3 1-2 AgNO3. , NH3, J-. AgJ 1 H2SO4.
. () J J2:
2J- + Cl2 D J2 + 2Cl-.
- .
. 1-2 2-3 1 H2SO4 ( ) , . J2, - .
2.2.4. S2-. :
2Ag+ + S2- = Ag2S¯.
Ag2S HNO3, .
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. 2-3 AgNO3. S2- .
Na2[Fe(CN)5(NO)] S2- >7 Na4[Fe(CN)5NOS] - .
. 2-3 NaOH 1-2 . S2- - .
( H2SO4 HCl) H2S:
S2 + 2H3O+ = H2S + 22O.
H2S . , Pb(CH3COO)2 Na4[Pb(OH)6], , H2S:
H2S + Pb2+ + 2CH3COO = PbS¯ + 2CH3COOH;
H2S + [Pb(OH)6]4 = PbS¯ + 4OH + 22.
. 1 H2SO4 HCl. , . S2-, .