l, 
(0)-
dl
-d - ; d - ,l- .
:
d = 
dl=> (l)= 
(0)exp(- 
dl)= (0)exp(- 
l) -
=const-
= 
+ 
; - ; - ( ).
= 
- .
1=R+A+D- .
1)A=1, R,D=0 ;
2)R=1, A,D=0 ( );
3)D=1, A=R=0 .
q 
ε 
ε<1
q=E-[ - ] = E-ε - () ( ).
:
=0,ε= 
. , .
ε1 
ε2
E2(1-ε1)
= + (1- 
q= - 
= - (1- ; = 
- (1- 
)
= 
= 
q= 
= 
[ 
- 
]= 
- ], .. 0=0[ - ]- .
- ; 
= 
= 
- , 
.
q= (
= 
- ]
= 
= 
- (
(
q= 
|
|
= 
- 
]
= 
- ]
- = 
|
- = 
=>
q= = = 
[ - ] 
= 
=
q= 
- ] 1 . 2 .
n :
q= 
- ] - n+1 .
( - , - )
:
:
Q=KS 
, - . - ().
.
dQ=K(
)dS
-
, , .
:
|
|
|
t,˚ 
λ
δ
x,
q= 
= 
= 
(
= 
)
= 
= 
= 
= 
=>q= 
()=K()=>K=
q= 
()= 
*()= 
()= ), - .
:
= 
= 
=
△= = + 
+ = 
+ 
+ 
= 
1= 
- 
+ 
=>f(K)=0- .
1/K= 
+ 
+ 
= 
+ + = 
+ + , ε- .
= 
