.


:

:



,



( , )

:

































 

 

 

 
FAQ

(VII-VIII .)

⇐ 1234 ⇒



 

{{128}} 1; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I ?

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{129}} 2; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{130}} 3; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

?

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{131}} 4; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

"" :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ -;

¨ .

{{132}} 5; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ .

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

{{133}} 6; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

- :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{134}} 7; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

( ) :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .. ;

¨ .

{{135}} 8; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

, :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{136}} 9; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{137}} 10; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

- XVII - XVIII . ():

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ( );

¨ .

{{138}} 11; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

, , :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{139}} 12; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{140}} 13; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

XVII . :

¨ "";

¨ "";

¨ "";

¨ "".

{{141}} 14; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ .. ;

¨ .. ;

¨ .. ;

¨ .. .

{{142}} 15; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

-- :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{143}} 16; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

" " I?

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{144}} 17; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I 1722 ?

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{145}} 18; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

, I?

¨

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{146}} 19; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{147}} 20; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I?

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{148}} 21; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I:

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{149}} 22; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

, XVIII . :

¨ " 1649 .";

¨ " 1479 .";

¨ " ";

¨ " ".

{{150}} 23; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I ():

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{151}} 24; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

?

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{152}} 25; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

?

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{153}} 26; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

?

¨ ;

¨ I;

¨ II;

¨ II.

{{154}} 27; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

?

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

¨ ;

{{155}} 28; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

?

¨ (1558-1583 .);

¨ (1632-1634 .);

¨ (1700-1721 .);

¨ (1756-1763 .).

{{156}} 29; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

XVIII .:

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ I , .

{{157}} 30; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

" " - :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{158}} 31; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

( XVIII .) - :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{159}} 32; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

?

¨ "";

¨ "";

¨ "";

¨ "".

{{160}} 33; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

" " :

¨ I;

¨ .. ;

¨ II.;

¨ .. .

{{161}} 34; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

II:

¨ ;

¨ " ";

¨ ;

¨ .

{{162}} 35; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

- :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ , ;

¨ .

{{163}} 36; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

" " II :

¨ .. ;

¨ .. ;

¨ .. ;

¨ .. .

{{164}} 37; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ . ;

¨ , .

{{166}} 39; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

XVIII . :

¨ . , . ;

¨ . , . ;

¨ . , . ;

¨ . , . .

{{167}} 40; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

- XVIII . :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{168}} 41; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

.. - :

¨ I;

¨ ;

¨ II;

¨ .

{{169}} 42; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

.. :

¨ I;

¨ ;

¨ II;

¨ .

{{170}} 43; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

.. :

¨ I;

¨ ;

¨ II;

¨ .

{{171}} 44; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

.. :

¨ I;

¨ ;

¨ II;

¨ .

{{172}} 45; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

():

¨ XVIII .;

¨ XVII .;

¨ XVI .;

¨ XVIII .

{{173}} 46; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

():

¨ XVIII .;

¨ XVII .;

¨ XVI .;

¨ XVIII .

{{174}} 47; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

():

¨ XVIII .;

¨ XVII .;

¨ XVI .;

¨ XVIII .

{{175}} 48; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

.. ():

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{176}} 49; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

.. ():

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{177}} 50; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

.. ():

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{178}} 51; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

.. ():

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{179}} 52; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ .. ;

¨ .. ;

¨ .. ;

¨ .-. .

{{180}} 53; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

II :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ - .

{{181}} 54; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{182}} 55; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1797 :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{183}} 56; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ -- .

{{184}} 57; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

XVII .:

¨ 1632-1634, 1654-1667, 1686;

¨ 1649, 1653, 1667;

¨ 1648, 1650, 1662;

¨ 1606-1610; 1613-1645, 1645-1676.

{{185}} 58; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1649 .:

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{186}} 59; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

" " :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{187}} 60; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

-

¨ III;

¨ ;

¨ IV;

¨ , .

{{188}} 61; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

, , :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{189}} 62; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1611 . ()():

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{190}} 63; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

XVII . :

¨ - ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{191}} 64; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ "";

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ I.

{{192}} 65; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I ():

¨ 1610-1612;

¨ 1604;

¨ 1601-1603;

¨ 1606-1607.

{{193}} 66; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

"" ():

¨ 1610-1612;

¨ 1604;

¨ 1601-1603;

¨ 1606-1607.

{{194}} 67; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

. ():

¨ 1610-1612

¨ 1604

¨ 1601-1603

¨ 1606-1607

{{195}} 68; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

():

¨ 1666-1667

¨ 1649

¨ 1662

¨ 1613

{{196}} 69; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

" " ():

¨ 1666-1667

¨ 1649

¨ 1662

¨ 1613

{{197}} 70; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

():

¨ 1666-1667

¨ 1649

¨ 1662

¨ 1613

{{198}} 71; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

. ():

¨ 1666-1667

¨ 1649

¨ 1662

¨ 1613

{{199}} 72; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

, :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{200}} 73; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

, , :

¨ I;

¨ III;

¨ I;

¨ II.

{{201}} 74; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

, 100 . :

¨ I;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{202}} 75; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

, -----:

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ II ;

¨ .

{{203}} 76; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

, , , :

¨ . ;

¨ . ;

¨ . ;

¨ . .

{{204}} 77; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

c:

¨ ;

¨ 1722 . " ";

¨ I;

¨ II.

{{205}} 78; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

, . :

¨ .. ;

¨ I;

¨ ;

¨ II.

{{206}} 79; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

II- XVIII . ():

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{208}} 81; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1696 I :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{209}} 82; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

- , :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ - .

{{210}} 83; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

XVII :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{211}} 84; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ 1666 ;

¨ 1682 ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{212}} 85; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

():

¨ 1666

¨ 1668-1669

¨ 1670

¨ 1681-1682

{{213}} 86; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

- XVII - . XVIII ():

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ( );

¨ .

{{214}} 87; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ .. ;

¨ .. ;

¨ .. ;

¨ .. ;

{{215}} 88; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

(1721 ) , :

¨ , ;

¨ , ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{216}} 89; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

II :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{217}} 90; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

" " :

¨ .. ;

¨ .. ;

¨ .. ;

¨ .. .

{{218}} 91; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1706 I . ?

¨ . . ;

¨ . . ;

¨ .. ;

¨ . . .

{{219}} 92; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

" " 1679 . -:

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{220}} 93; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ IV;

¨ ;

¨ I;

¨ .

{{221}} 94; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

(), I , :

¨ 1702

¨ 1703

¨ 1708

¨ 1715

{{222}} 95; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ - ;

¨ .

{{223}} 96; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

XVIII :

¨ I;

¨ ;

¨ II;

¨ .

{{224}} 97; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

, 1767 ., -:

¨ ;

¨ " " ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{225}} 98; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ 1774

¨ 1768

¨ 1783

¨ 1791

{{226}} 99; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

"" :

¨ I;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{227}} 100; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

?

¨ I;

¨ IV ;

¨ III;

¨ .

{{228}} 101; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ . ;

¨ . . ;

¨ ..

¨ ..

{{229}} 102; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

XVI-XVII :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{230}} 103; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

, .. :

¨ -- ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{231}} 104; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

. :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ I;

¨ II.

{{232}} 105; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ I, ;

¨ ;

¨ .. ;

¨ .

{{233}} 106; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1654 .:

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{234}} 107; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1711 . I :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{235}} 108; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

" " I :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{236}} 109; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ II;

¨ I;

¨ I;

¨ I.

{{237}} 110; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{238}} 111; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1711 :

¨ , ;

¨ , ;

¨ .

¨ , ;

{{239}} 112; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I " ". :

¨ -;

¨ -;

¨ -;

¨ -.

{{240}} 113; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ I;

¨ II;

¨ I;

¨ II.

{{241}} 114; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

- - :

¨ I;

¨ ;

¨ I;

¨ .

{{242}} 115; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ ;

¨ V ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{243}} 116; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{244}} 117; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I ():

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{245}} 118; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

. :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ II;

¨ I.

{{246}} 119; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ .

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

{{247}} 120; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1725-1762 . :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{248}} 121; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1700-1721 .:

¨ I;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{249}} 122; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

- :

¨ 1703

¨ 1700

¨ 1711

¨ 1721

{{250}} 123; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{251}} 124; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{252}} 125; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1773 - 1775 . .. :

¨ ;

¨ , ;

¨ .

¨ ;

{{253}} 126; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{254}} 127; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ ;

¨ II;

¨ I;

¨ I.

{{514}} 128; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

, :

 

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{515}} 129; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{516}} 130; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

II :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{635}} 1; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{636}} 2; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

 

 

¨ 1649 .

¨ 1497 .

¨ 1550 .

¨ 1613 .

{{637}} 3; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

(, )

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{638}} 4; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

 

 

¨

¨

¨ I

¨

{{639}} 5; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1654 .

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{640}} 6; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

XVII .

 

 

¨

¨

¨ I

¨ IV

{{641}} 7; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

 

 

¨ XVII .

¨ XVI .

¨ XV .

¨ XVIII .

{{642}} 8; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

(-,-)

 

 

¨ .

¨

¨ IV

¨

{{643}} 9; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

(-,-)

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{644}} 10; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

XVII .

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{645}} 11; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{646}} 12; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

 

 

¨

¨ .

¨

¨

{{647}} 13; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{648}} 14; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{649}} 15; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

 

 

¨

¨ .

¨

¨

{{650}} 16; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{651}} 17; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{652}} 18; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{653}} 19; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

 

 

¨

¨

¨ .

¨

{{654}} 20; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨ .

{{655}} 1; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1700-1721 .

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{656}} 2; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

 

 

¨

¨

¨ I

¨

{{657}} 3; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

.

 

 

¨ 1700-1721

¨ 1682-1725

¨ 1598-1613

¨ 1696-1725

{{658}} 4; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{659}} 5; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I

 

 

¨

¨ -

¨

¨

{{660}} 6; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I () ()

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{661}} 7; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I -

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{662}} 8; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

 

 

¨ 1725-1762

¨ 1682-1725

¨ 1762-1796

¨ 1700-1721

{{663}} 9; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

 

 

¨ ,

¨ ,

¨ I

¨ ,

{{664}} 1; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

 

 

¨ II

¨ I

¨

¨

{{665}} 2; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

II

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{666}} 3; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{667}} 4; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

II

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{668}} 5; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

 

 

¨ 1785 .

¨ 1762 .

¨ 1721 .

¨ 1801 .

{{669}} 6; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

() ()

 

 

¨

¨ 25

¨ 50

¨

{{670}} 7; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

 

 

¨

¨

¨ II

¨

{{671}} 8; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

II

 

 

¨ . , .

¨ . , .

¨ . ,

¨ ., .-

{{672}} 9; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

II

 

 

¨ . , .

¨ . , .

¨ . , .

¨ ., .

{{673}} 10; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

XVIII .

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{674}} 11; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

, II ,

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{675}} 12; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1785 , ,

 

 

¨

¨

¨


⇐ 1234 ⇒


:

: 2016-09-06; !; : 512 |

:

:

.
==> ...

1959 - | 1832 -


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