RCOOH ( R'COOR'') . , C n H2 n O2.
HCOOH () | ||||
CH3COOH () | HCOOCH3 | |||
CH3CH2COOH () | HCOOCH2CH3 | CH3COOCH3 | ||
CH3(CH2)2COOH () | 2- | HCOOCH2CH2CH3 | CH3COOCH2CH3 | CH3CH2COOCH3 |
- , .
, .
.
"-", "-" "".
p - - , OH, - , ( +) ( +) .
.
( , ). , .
- , .
:
CH3COOH + 2O2 2CO2 + 2H2O
.
- O-H (, ):
HCOOH HCOO- + H+ ( HCOOH + H2O HCOO- + H3O+)
- . (- O-H); , . ,
HCOOH CH3COOH C2H5COOH
,
CH3COOH | CH2ClCOOH | CHCl2COOH | CCl3COOH | |||
- .
, :
Mg + 2CH3COOH (CH3COO)2Mg + H2
CaO + 2CH3COOH (CH3COO)2Ca + H2O
NaOH + CH3COOH CH3COONa + H2O
K2CO3 + 2CH3COOH 2CH3COOK + H2O + CO2
|
|
( , ):
+ H2O | ||||
, , . , ( ) - .
+ | + 3H2O | ||||
. ( C15H31COOH, C17H35COOH) , ( C17H33COOH, C17H31COOH .) - () .
:
CH3CH2COOH | + Cl2 | CH3CHClCOOH | + HCl | |
- |
-.
HCOOH , - , , :
( ; ):
HCOOH + Ag2O( ) CO2 + H2O + 2Ag