( )
5
:
20
: C
-14-12
: ..
1
+ ( (2)=0,1)?
0Pd2+/Pd = +0,987
Pd2+/Pd = +0,887
Pd2+/Pd = 0Pd2+/Pd + (0,059/n)lgaPd2+
lgaPd2+ = (Pd2+/Pd - 0Pd2+/Pd)*(2/0,059) = 2453,75
2
2.1 . .
Pd|PdSO4|| PdSO4|Pd
C = 1 / = 0,01 /
E=Ek-Ea
() = =0,01 /
EpPd2+/Pd=E0Pd2+/Pd+ lna(Me) = 0,92 B
C = 1 /
EpPd2+/Pd=E0Pd2+/Pd = 0,987 B
(K-) Pd|PdSO4|| PdSO4|Pd (A+)
E=Ek-Ea = 0,987 B - 0,92 B = 0,067 B
Amax= n*F*E = 12930,73 B
2.2
: () Pd () Pb
2.2.1 E0Pb2+/Pb=-0.126 B
E0Pd2+/Pd= +0,987
(K-) Pd2+ +2e Pd
(A+) Pb Pb2+ + 2e
TOP: Pd2+ + Pb Pd + Pb2+
2.2.2
E = -GTOP/(n*F)
∆G=∆G-∆G= -200,8
= 1,04
E=Ek-Ea
E= 1,1
. .
2.2.3 .
EpPd2+/Pd=E0Pd2+/Pd+ lna(Me)
. .
2.2.4
,
+0,987
I, /2
-0.126
2.2.5 U=E-Ir-∆E
, , .
2. .
1
SnCl2 C :
1.1 Cu(NO3)2→Cu2+ + 2NO32-
HOH → H+ + OH-
A: OH-,(NO3- )
K:H+,Cu2+
EpH+/H2=-0.059pH, pH≈5, EpH+/H2=-0.295B
E0Cu2+/Cu=0.337
, - 2 .
A: 4OH-→O2+2H2O+4e
K: Cu2+ + 2e→ Cu
2H++2e→H2↑
1.2 Umin= EpO2/OH- - E0Cu2+/Cu= 0.598
EpO2/OH-=1.23-0.059pH=0.935
E0Cu2+/Cu=0.337
EpH+/H2=-0.295B
EpO2/OH-
Umin
E0Cu2+/Cu
EpH+/H2 I,/2
1.3 , .
2
Zn NaNO3 60%, 22.4 (..)
|
|
NaCl→Na+ + Cl-
HOH → H+ + OH-
K:H+,Na+
A:Cl-, Cu, OH-
pH=7
EpH+/H2 = -0,059 pH = -0,413 B
E0Na+/Na = -2,714 B
EpO2/OH- = 0,817 B
E0Cu2+/Cu = 0,337 B
E0Cl2/Cl- = 1,359 B
EpH+/H2 > E0Na+/Na
K: 2H+ + 2e → H2
A: 4OH- → O2 + 2H2O + 4e
Cu → Cu2+ + 2e
11.2 - 96500 *
q=965 *
0.112 - *
Q(Cu) = 0,95q = 916,75
m= = 0,304
V = m/ = 0,034 3
H = = 0,04
3. .
3.1 Fe Pb PbSO4 c 0,01 / 298 0,51, 1.
3.2 , .
ZnCl2 → Zn2+ + 2Cl-
Zn(OH)2 Hl
:
Zn2+ + HOH→ ZnOH+ + H+
ZnOH+ + HOH→ Zn(OH)2 + H+
2(Zn(OH)2) = 1,5*10-9
= w/ 2(Zn(OH)2) = 6,66*10-6
β = (/)1/2 = 0,01
+ = β* = 4*10-4/
= -lgCH+ = 3,39
EpH+/H2=-0.059*pH= -0.2 B
EpO2/OH-=1,23+0.0147lg(p(2)) = 1,22
E0Zn2+/Zn = -0,763 B
E0Sn2+/Sn = -0,136 B
E0Sn2+/Sn > E0Zn2+/Zn -
E0Zn2+/Zn < EpH+/H2
EpO2/OH- > E0Zn2+/Zn
A: Zn→ Zn2++2e
K: O2+4H++4e→2H2O
2H++2e→ H2
3.3
) :
E( ) > E( )
E0Zn2+/Zn = -0,763 B
E0Sn2+/Sn = -0,136 B
E0u2+/Cu = 0,521 B
- Zn→Zn2+ + 2e
( ) < ( )
E0Zn2+/Zn = -0,763 B
E0Sn2+/Sn = -0,136 B
4.3 : E0Al3+/Al = -1,662 B
) ( )
:
Al → Al3+ + 3e
)
() < ( )
E0Zn2+/Zn = -0,763 B
E0Sn2+/Sn = -0,136 B
E0Mn2+/Mn = -1,180 B
: Mn→Mn2+ + 2e -
: