7
()
() , - , , .
, (, l2). :
BaCl2 + H2SO4 BaSO4 ¯+2HCl
, - BaSO4 , (, , ). , , , . , .
. ( 0,5 ) , NaOH. . . , , . , , , .
, , . 1, , , , . . .
, : , , , (). .
. . , , , , ( ) . - BaSO4 , () Fe(OH)3 2 F23; CaC2O4 2 CaC2O4 2 CaC2O4, 3, , CaSO4; (II) NiL2 L (C3NOH)2 ..
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. ( ), ( ).
, CO2 3 () :
3 + 2l 2 + CaCl2 + 2O
.
, ( ). 250500 , , 1020 , 100 . , , , . , , . , .
( ) , ( ) . (, . .) .
( 0,51,0 ) , 0,0002 , ( ) , ( ) ( 100110 ), . () , , 3050 , () .
, ( ) . () . , , . . 0,0002 .
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, ( -) .
. , ( ) - .
( ), ( ( ) , , ): ( , - , 0,5%), (105110, < 8), (100105, <0,5), (100105, <5,5), (100105, <1,5), (9095, 4 , <15), 2 (100105, <1,5), B6 (100105, <0,5), B12 ( 105 5 .., <12), (100105, <1), (100105, <10), (100105, <0,5), (100105, <0,5), 0,2 ( 110 15 . ., <8,5), (7080, <1,5), (100105, <0,5), (100110, <16), (100105, <0,5), (120, <30), (100105, <6), (100105, <7,0), (100105, <0,5), (80, <0,5), (100105, <1), (100105, <0,5), (100105, <1), (100 105, <0,5), (100105, <0,5), (100105, <0,5), (100105, <0,5), (100105, <0,5), (100105, <0,5), (100105, <0,5), (135, 6 9%), (100105, <6), (100105, 58), (60, 5 . ., 3 , <2), (100105, <0,5), (100105, <9,5), (100105, <0,5), (100105, <1.6), (120, <7), (100105, <7,5), (100105, <3), (100105, <0,5).
, , , .
. (, ) , . () . , , , , , .
. , , , , , () 0,2% . , , 0,1 . (7.1):
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m = m (X)×100%/ W (X), (7.1)
() X, ~ 0,1 ;
W (X) ( ) , ~ 50%; W (X) < 50%.
W () .
. (II) CuSO4 5H2O, .
. (2.1):
=m (H20) ×100% /W (H2O).
, m (H20) = 0,1 . W (H2O):
W (H2O) = 5 M (H2O)×100%/ M (CuSO4 ×5H2O) = 5×18×100%/249,7= 36,04%.
m = 0,1 100%/36,04 = 0,2775 .
, ~ 0,28 .
, 0,5% ( ) , ~ 1 . , , .
() e . (0,0002 ), , , m () X, .
. , D m = (2 0,0002) = 0,0004 . , , .
= 1 , W (X) =0,5% m () m () = 1 0,5/100 = 0,0050 . , e
e = D m ×100%/ m ()= 0,0004 ×100/0,0050 = 8,0 %
, .
, 0,5% 1 8%, . . .
(. ).
. ( ), , ( ). , . . : (II) .
. ( ). , , , , , .
( ), , . ( ) ( ) ( ) . . 7.1. , , .
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, , , , . . , , , . , , , , , . ( , . . , ). . . . .
( ) ( ); ( ), , ( - , ), ( ); , . (, , ).
- . - , , - . . , ( ) ( ), - . , .
, , , .
. 7.1 () () . Zn(6H4)2 22O; D m,% ‑ (100 ) . , .
. Zn(6H4)2 × 22O. ~1000 (. 2.1) ~-80110 C (, 90 C), ~190250 C (, ~230) ~41080 C (, ~460), D m1 = 9,59%, D m2 = 36,77% D m3 = 31,98% . 500 C .
( . 2.1) ( . 2.1) - , (~80110 C) :
Zn(6H4)2 ×2H2O Zn(6H4)2 + 22O
(~190250 C) :
Zn(6H4)2 Zn(6H4) + 6H4
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(~410490 C) ( ) , , ; :
Zn(6H4) +72 ZnO+7CO2+2H2
, , , , . ( ) .
.