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1. Amnesty International, "Images Reveal Scale of North Korean Political Prison Camps," May 3, 2011, http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/images-reveal-scale-north-korean-polit ical-prison-camps-2011-05-03.
2. Kang Chol-hwan Pierre Rigoulot, The Aquariums of Pyongyang (New York: Basic Books, 2001), 79.
3. , , . , The Hidden Gulag: The lives and voices of Those Who are Sent to the Mountains, 2012.
4. Korean Bar Association, White Paper on Human Rights in North Korea 2008 (Seoul: Korea Institute for National Unification, 2008).
5. Ken E. Gause, "An Examination of the North Korean Police State" (Washington, D.C.: Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012), pp 17, 27, 37.
6. 2009 . , .
7. Escape from Camp 14: Total Control Zone," , 2012 .
8. Hyun-sik Kim Kwang-ju Son, Documentary Kim Jong II (Seoul: Chonji Media, 1997), 202, , Ralph Hassig Kongdan Oh, The Hidden People of North Korea (Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield,
2009), 27.