. , . , , , . , . , . 㳿 Java , , (superclass). , , (subclass). . ³ , . , , extends. .
. , .
.
public public ᒺ , . public - , .
friendly ( friendly !). friendly - ᒺ, , , , .
final- -. . (, ).
abstract , , , ( ), . , -. , . , , , , ukraineCheck(), russianCheck() . . grammarCheck(), - (, , ).
- , .
Java . . . , . , .
, package, :
package game;
:
1. , ( ).
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2. package .
, , . , Animator game, : import game.Animator;
game , , , : import game.*;
. , , : game.Animator a;
- . .
, C++, Java. , Java , . , .
? ᒺ, , ᒺ. : final, . , , .
, java.lang.Runnable run(). java- run(), Runnable- . , 䳿 , .
, , , , . , , , . , :
class Shoe implements Product
{ public int getPrice(int id)
{
if (id==1) return 5;
else return 10;
}
public String getMaker()
{
return MAKER;
}
}
implements (), extends.
- Java. String.
, new ( ), ' String. ' String , ' , - '. ' String , ' .
String , : String (), String (String str), String (byte asciichar []), String (char [] unicodechar), String (StringBuffer sbuf), String (StringBuilder sbuild) ֳ ' String char, byte ,
new String (str.getChars (), "UTF-8"),
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str - Unicode, , . Java , , ' String, . , ' String , , new
- .
-, Java (layout manager). ³ ' , . , , , setLayout(), :
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
FlowLayout ( )
, . , .
:
FlowLayout(); //
FlowLayout(int align); //
FlowLayout(int align, int horp, int verp); //
//
//
align :
FlowLayout.LEFT, FlowLayout.RIGHT, FlowLayout.CENTER.
GridLayout ( )
GridLayout . . .
:
GridLayout(int nRows, int nCols); //
//
GridLayout(int nRows, int nCols, int horp, int verp);
//
// ( )
, , . , 0. , 0. , GridLayout(3, 4) GridLayout(3, 0).
BorderLayout ( )
5 , . BorderLayout - add() , North, South, East, West Center. , .
:
BorderLayout(); //
BorderLayout(int horp,verp); //
//
. , .
add() :
add(int poz, Component comp);
poz , , (North, South, East, West Center).
CardLayout ( )
, ( ). , . , , . , .
GridBagLayout ( )
, . , GridLayout. , . , . . ֳ ᒺ GridBagConstraints, :
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gridx, gridy , .
gridx = gridy = GridBagConstraint.RELATIVE, gridx , gridy ;
gridwidth, gridheight , . 1. gridwidth = GridBagConstraint.REMAINDER gridheight = GridBagConstraint. EMAINDER, ( ). , GridBagConstraint.RELATIVE;
fill , , , . ³ :
GridBagConstraint.NONE ( ) ;
GridBagConstraint.HORIZONTAL ,
GridBagConstraint.VERTICAL ,
GridBagConstraint.BOTH ;
ipadx, ipady , ( 0);
insets Insets , ( ), , , ;
anchor . :
GridBagConstraint.NTER ( ),
GridBagConstraint.NORTH, GridBagConstraint.NORTHEAST,
GridBagConstraint.EAST, GridBagConstraint.SOUTHEAST,
GridBagConstraint.SOUTH, GridBagConstraint.SOUTHWEST,
GridBagConstraint.WEST, GridBagConstraint.NORTHWEST;
weidhtx, weighty .
10. . 11. .
. java.awt, , , java.awt. event, .
Square ( , java: Square.java) Frame. , 䳿. , ? -, Frame , 쳺 . -, 쳺 䳿 , , . , 쳺 , , . -, Frame, Container, (, ), . Square Frame .
, Square ActionListener. , actionPerformed(), . , 䳿, , .
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. ֳ ( ) - . : Check. displayStr .
: (Label). ij, , , , , , .
. - Java super. ,
super("Check Square");
Frame. .
setSize() ( Java resize()). . , , . ϳ add(). button1 addActionListener() 䳿. , . , WindowAdapter 䳿 . show() .
main() Square(). , , , 4. , , .
actionPerformed() . ᒺ evt ActionEvent, , . getActionCommand() , 䳿 ( arg "Check"). equals() String, , "Check", . getText() , parseInt() Integer . displayStr. paint(). ³, paint() . , repaint(), paint().
. , .
- java.awt. . Component.
, , Java, ' . java.awt (Abstract Window Toolkit), 3.
3 java.awt
, awt? Java, (GUI). Component. MenuComponent. : Button (), Checkbox ( ), Choice ( Windows), Label (), List ( Windows) Scrollbar ( ). , Component .
java.awt , . Panel . - Container, -, . ³ Window, . : Dialog, , Frame Windows. TextComponent TextField ( Windows) TextArea. Canvas. , 䳿 .
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³ Component , ' . , , ( 3):
3 Component
getFont() setFont() getFontMetrics() | |
setForeground() getForeground() | |
setBackground() getBackground() | |
preferredSize() minimumSize() | , |
resize() size() | |
show() hide() | |
3 | |
isVisible() isShowing() | true, , false, |
disable() enable() | |
isEnable() | true, |
paint() update() repaint() | |
handleEvent() action() | |
keyDown() keyUp() | |
mouseDown() mouseUp() mouseDrag() mouseMove() mouseEnter() mouseExit() | |
- .
- , , -. . awt :
- (Window);
- (Panel);
- (Frame);
- (Dialog).
, , Applet Panel.
Frame, ' .
, '-, , Frame, , . , .
9 Container
add() | |
add(Component, int) | , , ' |
add(String,Component) | ', . , , ': North, South, East, West Center |
getComponent(int) | ( Component) |
getComponents() | Component[] |
countComponent() | |
remove() | |
removeAll(). |
- Component ( 13)
Component .
- Panel .
Panel () - , . , Java- . .
:
Panel();
, .
.
Panel mainPanel, suPanel1, subPanel2;
sainPanel = new Panel();
subPanel1 = new Panel();
subPanel2 = new Panel();
mainPanel.add(subPanel1);
mainPanel.add(subPanel2);
add(mainPanel);
- Frame, .
Frame ()
Frame. Java- . , Frame . . , :
public class NewWindow extends Frame
{
TextArea output;
public NewWindow (String title)
{
super(title);
}
...
public static void main (String args[])
{
//
NewWindow win = new NewWindow("New Window Class");
//
win.show();
}
}
Frame 10.
10 Frame
pack() | , |
getTitle() | |
setTitle(String) | |
getIconImage() | |
setIconImage(Image) | |
getMenuBar() | ' |
setMenuBar(MenuBar) | |
remove(MenuComponent) | |
isResizable() | true, , false |
setResizable(boolean) | |
getCursorType() | |
setCursor(int) | : Frame.DEFAULT_CURSOR, Frame.CROSSHAIR_CURSOR, Frame.TEXT_CURSOR, Frame.WAIT_CURSOR, Frame.HAND_CURSOR,... |
- Java. Canvas.
Canvas. , 䳿 .
- .
Checkbox ( )
Checkbox . , : "" "". , . ( false).
CheckboxGroup, (radio button ), , . - , ( , ).
:
Checkbox(); //
Checkbox(String str); //
Checkbox(String str, CheckboGroup group, boolean initState);
/* , ( , , null */
5.
5 Checkbox
boolean getState() | Checkbox, |
getCurrent() | CheckboxGroup, , |
SetCurrent() | ( CheckboxGroup) |
setLabel() getLabel() |
. action(), wA ᒺ boolean, true, , false .
- Graphics. .
getImage() , . ³ ᒺ Image. drawImage(), Graphics. ( ):
public abstract boolean drawImage(Image img, int x, int y,
ImageObserver observer);
public abstract boolean drawImage(Image img, int x,int y,
int width, int height, ImageObserver observer);
ᒺ Image, getImage(). x y , . drawImage() width () height (), . ! , () . observer ᒺ ImageObserver, . ᒺ , this.
drawImage() . , . , , . , , .
getGraphics() , :
public abstract Graphics getGraphics();
, , .
- . Font.
' Font , : , , , , , , .
TextAttribute. 14.
, . getAvailableAttHbutes() Font.
BACKGROUND | . ', Paint |
FOREGROUND | . ', Paint |
BIDI_EMBEDDED | г , 1 15 |
CHAR_ REPLACEMENT | Գ, . ' GraiphicAttribute |
FAMILY | ѳ . String |
FONT | . ' Font |
JUSTIFICATION | . ' Float ( 0,0 1,0). : JUSTIFICATION__FULL JUSTIFICATION_NONE |
POSTURE | . ' Float. : POSTUREJDBLIQUE POSTURE_REGULAR |
RUN_DIRECTION | : run_direction_ltr , run_DIRECTION_rtl |
SIZE | . ' Float |
STRIKETHROUGH | . Ka strikethrough_on ( ) |
SUPERSCRIPT | ϳ . : SUPERSCRIPT_NO, SUPERSCRIPT_SUB, SUPERSCRT_SUPER |
SWAP_COLORS | . Swap_colorsjdn, |
TRANSFORM | . ' AffineTransform |
UNDERLINE | ϳ . : underline_on, UNDERLINE_LOW_DASHED, UNDERLINE_LOW_DOTTED, UNDERLINE_LOW_GRAY, UNDERLINE LOW_ONE_PIXEL, UNDERLINE LOW TWO PIXEL |
WEIGHT | . : WEIGHT_ULTRA_LIGHT, WEIGHT_EXTRA_LIGHT, WEIGHT_LIGHT . |
WIDTH | . : WIDTH_CONDENSED, WIDTH_SEMI_CONDENSED, WIDTH_REGULAR, WIDTH_SEMI_EXTENDED, WIDTH_EXTENDED |
Font Font(Map attrib), . ' , : HashMap, WeakHashMap Hashtable. , , deriveFont() Font.
Java 2D ' FontRenderContext, , . getFontRendexContext() Graphics2D. , , ' TextLayout. Java 2D FontMetrics. TextLayout , .
- 䳿. Event
, .
Java EventObject, java.util. . :
EventObject(Object src)
src ᒺ, .
EventObject : getSource() toString(). getSource() 䳿, toString() 䳿.
AWTEvent, java.awt, EventObject. ( ) AWT-, . 䳿 getID(). :
int getID()
java.awt.event , . 11 , . ³, AWTEvent.
11 java.awt.event
ActionEvent | , , |
AdjustmentEvent | |
ComponentEvent | , , , 쳭 |
ContainerEvent | , |
FocusEvent | , |
InputEvent | |
ItemEvent | , , , () |
KeyEvent | , |
MouseEvent | , ᒺ (dragged) (moved), (clicked), (pressed) (released) ; () |
TextEvent | , |
WindowEvent | , , , , , (exit) |
- . .
mouseDown() mouseUp() mouseDrag() mouseMove() mouseEnter() mouseExit() |
- . .
keyDown() keyUp() |
- . Url Image.