, (dQ=0) . -
. , , , . ( ), . .
(dQ=dU+dA) ,
dA=-dU, (55.1)
. . .
(52.1) (53.4), (55.1)
pV=(m/M)RT,
(55.2) (55.3) :
, /v =g (. (53.8)),
dp/p=-gdV/V.
1 2 V 1 V 2, ,
p 2 /p l=(V1/V2)g.
p 1vg1 = p 2vg2.
1 2 ,
Vg= const. (55.4)
, .
, V , (55.4)
:
(55.4) (55.6) . (. (53.8) (53.2))
( ). (Ne, He .), , i = 3, g=1,67. (2, N2, O2 .) i= 5, g=1,4. g, (55.7), .
() , V (.83). , (pVg=const) , (pV =const). , 1 3 , , .
, . (55.2)
V 1 V 2, T 1 T 2
, (55.5), (55.8)
, 1 2 ( , . 83), , . , , .
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, , . Cv , (d T= 0) ¥, (dQ=0) . , , .
(C = const) :
pVn = const, (55.9)
n= (C- )/(-Cv) . , = 0, n=g (55.9) ; =¥, n=1 ; =, n = 0 , = v, n =¥ . , .